ABSTRACT

In Mexico, as in all of Spanish America, independence from Spain was followed by a period of political instability. This instability was related, in particular, to the need to find new forms of and procedures for political decision-making and ways to create new political identities given the rise of new concepts such as national sovereignty, representation and the general will in the era of Atlantic Revolutions. This article sheds light on pronunciamientos as a form of representation which became prominent in Mexico. Some pronunciamientos were outright rebellions but they were more often a ritualized practice used by many social actors to express their will in political conflicts. Along with elections, they took on a mediating function between the government and representative bodies and the citizenry. Pronunciamientos changed the one-directional relationship between ruler and ruled that had been common during the colonial period. Communication between the local, regional and national levels intensified considerably and printed public spaces merged with oral spaces. The importance of pronunciamientos lay not only in their direct influence on political decisions but also in their symbolic function. The article shows how surprisingly fast these elements of pronunciamientos came to life in 1823, a decisive year for the Mexican polity.

摘要

在墨西哥，就像在整个西班牙美洲一样，从西班牙独立之后是一段政治不稳定时期。鉴于国家主权、代表权和普遍意愿等新概念的兴起，这种不稳定性尤其与需要为政治决策寻找新的形式和程序以及创造新政治身份的方法有关。大西洋革命。这篇文章阐明了pronunciamientos作为一种在墨西哥变得突出的表现形式。一些发音是彻头彻尾的叛乱，但更多的是一种仪式化的做法，被许多社会行为者用来在政治冲突中表达他们的意愿。除了选举之外，他们还承担了政府和代表机构与公民之间的调解功能。Pronunciamientos改变了殖民时期普遍存在的统治者与被统治者之间的单向关系。地方、区域和国家层面之间的交流大大加强，印刷的公共空间与口头空间融合在一起。发音的重要性不仅在于它们对政治决策的直接影响，还在于它们的象征功能。这篇文章展示了这些发音元素的速度有多快1823 年，对墨西哥政体来说是决定性的一年。