Schistosoma mansoni infections, particularly egg antigens, induce Th2-dominant granulomatous responses accompanied by remarkable immunoregulatory mechanisms that avoid intense fibrosis. Interleukin (IL)-33 is a cytokine that stimulates the early activation of Th2 responses, and its soluble ST2 receptor (sST2) avoids granulomatous response, as well as CXCL9 and CXCL10 chemokines that have antifibrotic activity. However, in schistosomiasis, these molecules have not been suitably studied. Therefore, this study aimed to measure IL-33 and sST2 RNA, cytokines, and chemokines in peripheral blood cultures from individuals living in schistosomiasis-endemic areas. Peripheral blood cells from individuals with S. mansoni (n = 34) and non-infected individuals (n = 31) were cultured under mitogen stimulation. Supernatant chemokines and cytokines were evaluated using a cytometric bead array, and IL-33 and sST2 mRNA expression was measured using qPCR. Infected individuals showed higher levels of CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10; there was a lower expression of IL-33 mRNA and similar expression of sST2mRNA in infected than non-infected individuals. In conclusion, for the first time, we demonstrated lower IL-33mRNA expression and high levels of the antifibrotic chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 in schistosomiasis mansoni, which could control exacerbations of the disease in individuals from endemic areas.

曼氏血吸虫感染，尤其是卵子抗原，可诱导 Th2 为主的肉芽肿反应，伴随着显着的免疫调节机制，可避免严重的纤维化。白细胞介素 (IL)-33 是一种刺激 Th2 反应早期激活的细胞因子，其可溶性 ST2 受体 (sST2) 可避免肉芽肿反应，以及具有抗纤维化活性的 CXCL9 和 CXCL10 趋化因子。然而，在血吸虫病中，这些分子尚未得到适当研究。因此，本研究旨在测量生活在血吸虫病流行地区的个体的外周血培养物中的 IL-33 和 sST2 RNA、细胞因子和趋化因子。曼氏沙门氏菌( n =  34) 和未感染个体 ( n = 31) 在有丝分裂原刺激下培养。使用细胞计数珠阵列评估上清液趋化因子和细胞因子，并使用 qPCR 测量 IL-33 和 sST2 mRNA 表达。感染者的 CXCL8、CXCL9、CXCL10、IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-2、IL-4 和 IL-10 水平较高；与未感染个体相比，感染个体中IL-33 mRNA的表达较低，而sST2mRNA的表达相似。总之，我们首次在曼氏血吸虫病中证明了较低的 IL-33mRNA 表达和高水平的抗纤维化趋化因子 CXCL9 和 CXCL10 ，这可以控制流行地区个体的疾病恶化。