Intellectual Property (IP) reuse is a well known practice in chip design processes. Nowadays, network-on-chips (NoCs) are increasingly used as IP and sold by various vendors to be integrated in a multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC). However, IP reuse exposes the design to IP theft, and an attacker can launch IP stealing attacks against NoC IPs. With the growing adoption of MPSoC, such attacks can result in huge financial losses. In this paper, we propose four NoC IP protection techniques using fingerprint embedding: ON-OFF router-based fingerprinting (ORF), ON-OFF link-based fingerprinting (OLF), Router delay-based fingerprinting (RTDF), and Row delay-based fingerprinting (RWDF). ORF and OLF techniques use patterns of ON-OFF routers and links, respectively, while RTDF and RWDF techniques use router delays to embed fingerprints. We show that all of our proposed techniques require much less hardware overhead compared to an existing NoC IP security solution (square spiral routing) and also provide better security from removal and masking attacks. In particular, our proposed techniques require between 40.75% to 48.43% less router area compared to the existing solution. We also show that our solutions do not affect the normal packet latency and hence do not degrade the NoC performance.

知识产权 (IP) 重用是芯片设计过程中众所周知的做法。如今，片上网络 (NoC) 越来越多地用作 IP 并由各个供应商销售，以集成到多处理器片上系统 (MPSoC) 中。但是，IP 重用会将设计暴露给 IP 盗窃，攻击者可以对 NoC IP 发起 IP 盗窃攻击。随着 MPSoC 的日益普及，此类攻击可能会导致巨大的经济损失。在本文中，我们提出了四种使用指纹嵌入的 NoC IP 保护技术：基于开关的路由器指纹（ORF）、基于链路的开关指纹（OLF）、基于路由器延迟的指纹（RTDF）和行延迟基于指纹识别（RWDF）。ORF 和 OLF 技术分别使用 ON-OFF 路由器和链路的模式，而 RTDF 和 RWDF 技术使用路由器延迟来嵌入指纹。我们表明，与现有的 NoC IP 安全解决方案（方形螺旋路由）相比，我们提出的所有技术需要的硬件开销要少得多，并且还可以提供更好的安全性，防止移除和屏蔽攻击。特别是，与现有解决方案相比，我们提出的技术需要的路由器面积减少 40.75% 到 48.43%。我们还表明，我们的解决方案不会影响正常的数据包延迟，因此不会降低 NoC 性能。