Doctoral education has grown substantially, resulting in a larger and diverse pool of graduates for research. Simultaneously, gender balance in research has become a growing concern, particularly in Europe. Based on the Portuguese case, this paper discusses whether the increase in the pool of graduate talent, considered to be comprised of doctoral graduates, has resulted in a gender balance across different disciplines. The analysis of the evolution of doctoral theses completed by men and women from 1970 to 2016 suggests that, while gender balance has been achieved in terms of participation in doctoral education, horizontal segregation in disciplines persists. A more gender-balanced pool of graduate talent for research across disciplines seems to require more action from Portuguese policymakers and universities, particularly in terms of the implementation of gender equality measures. This is also true for countries where gender equality in doctoral education is a challenge.

博士教育大幅增长，导致从事研究的毕业生数量更大、更多样化。与此同时，研究中的性别平衡已成为人们日益关注的问题，特别是在欧洲。基于葡萄牙的案例，本文讨论了研究生人才库（被认为由博士毕业生组成）的增加是否导致了不同学科之间的性别平衡。对1970年至2016年男性和女性完成的博士论文演变的分析表明，虽然在参与博士教育方面实现了性别平衡，但学科的横向隔离仍然存在。跨学科研究的研究生人才库的性别更加平衡似乎需要葡萄牙政策制定者和大学采取更多行动，特别是在实施性别平等措施方面。对于博士教育中性别平等面临挑战的国家来说也是如此。