Abstract:

At the first school for deaf children in the Yishuv, established in 1932, teachers used oralist methods developed in Germany to instill the Hebrew language in pupils. Graduates joined a Hebrew-speaking Deaf community that included orally trained Jews returning from Europe. This Deaf elite envisioned an extensive oral education system for children and adults, but the sudden influx of deaf immigrants in the 1950s disrupted their plans. The resulting demographic shift accelerated the development of modern Israeli sign language and an indigenous Deaf culture. By examining the role of the Deaf community in the socially and ethnically diverse context of Palestine and early Israel, this article argues that the Deaf community not only constituted a distinct linguistic minority who enriched the linguistic landscape of Israel, but it also functioned as a cultural minority. Furthermore, this article examines how the Deaf community intersected with other social groups in the highly stratified Israeli society of the 1950s, suggesting that it could be inscribed into the social fabric of Israel as an ethnic minority in its own right.

摘要：

在 1932 年成立的伊舒夫 (Yishuv) 的第一所聋儿学校，老师们使用德国开发的口语教学方法向学生灌输希伯来语。毕业生加入了一个讲希伯来语的聋人社区，其中包括从欧洲返回的经过口头培训的犹太人。这个聋人精英为儿童和成人设想了一个广泛的口语教育系统，但 1950 年代聋人移民的突然涌入打乱了他们的计划。由此产生的人口变化加速了现代以色列手语和土著聋人文化的发展。通过研究聋人社区在巴勒斯坦和早期以色列的社会和种族多元化背景下的作用，本文认为聋人社区不仅构成了一个独特的语言少数群体，丰富了以色列的语言景观，但它也扮演着文化少数派的角色。此外，本文考察了 1950 年代高度分层的以色列社会中，聋人社区如何与其他社会群体相交，表明它可以作为一个少数民族本身被铭刻在以色列的社会结构中。