Plant growth and development are severely affected by soil salinity. This study was carried out to evaluate the interaction of foliar application of antioxidants (β-carotene and gallic acid) and salt stress on Lepidium sativum seedlings. Our findings revealed that total dry and fresh weight were adversely affected by 25 mM NaCl salinity stress. Moreover, K+ content decreased while Na+ content increased significantly. The foliar application of β-carotene and gallic acid significantly mitigated the effects of salt stress by regulating ion uptake, reducing H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, as well as increasing enzymatic antioxidant activity, phenolic, glutathione, and chlorophyll content. β-carotene- and gallic acid-treated plants had higher salt tolerance.

中文翻译：

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提高β-胡萝卜素和没食子酸对盐胁迫的影响，提高Lepidium sativum L.的抗氧化活性和调节离子摄取。

土壤盐分严重影响植物的生长发育。本研究旨在评估叶面施用抗氧化剂（β-胡萝卜素和没食子酸）与盐胁迫对 Lepidium sativum 幼苗的相互作用。我们的研究结果表明，总干重和鲜重受到 25 mM NaCl 盐度胁迫的不利影响。此外，K+含量下降，而Na+含量显着增加。叶面喷施 β-胡萝卜素和没食子酸可通过调节离子吸收、降低 H2O2 和丙二醛 (MDA) 含量以及增加酶促抗氧化活性、酚类、谷胱甘肽和叶绿素含量来显着减轻盐胁迫的影响。β-胡萝卜素和没食子酸处理的植物具有更高的耐盐性。