The growing social awareness and consequent concern for the environment has driven environmental analytical chemistry to a position of great prominence. In recent times, this position has translated into taking advantage of the great benefits provided by cloud computing and the Internet of Things (IoT), which are especially appropriate when devices such as chemical sensors are used. The use of such sensors is very common when in situ monitoring of environmental parameters is performed, but until recently, it was limited to the deployment of a small number of sensors. Currently, this approach has given way to genuine smart sensing systems (for instance, fully consolidated wireless sensor networks) that are able to provide a substantial amount of information. This type of sensor (the so-called smart sensor) is fundamentally characterized by (a) low consumption, versatility, and autonomy, (b) ease of integration with cloud solutions, (c) durability and reliability of IoT platforms and sensors, and (d) easy installation and deployment of sensor nodes. For all these reasons, and given the increasing importance and use of this type of device, a revision of the recent literature relating the development of smart sensors with environmental issues has been conducted, with major contributions being discussed, most notably those addressing the continuous in-line monitoring of water quality.

日益增长的社会意识和随之而来的对环境的关注已将环境分析化学推向了重要的地位。最近，这一立场已转化为利用云计算和物联网 (IoT) 提供的巨大优势，这在使用化学传感器等设备时尤其合适。在对环境参数进行原位监测时，这种传感器的使用非常普遍，但直到最近，它还仅限于部署少量传感器。目前，这种方法已经让位于能够提供大量信息的真正智能传感系统（例如，完全整合的无线传感器网络）。这种类型的传感器（所谓的智能传感器）的基本特征是（a）低功耗、多功能性和自主性，（b）易于与云解决方案集成，（c）物联网平台和传感器的耐用性和可靠性，以及(d) 易于安装和部署传感器节点。出于所有这些原因，并且鉴于此类设备的重要性和使用日益增加，已经对最近与环境问题相关的智能传感器开发文献进行了修订，并讨论了主要贡献，其中最显着的是那些解决持续- 水质在线监测。