Abstract

This article aims to assess the causes of the recent emergence of Polanyian countermovement in Hungary and Poland and their attitudes towards neoliberal orthodoxy prevailing in post-1989 socioeconomic development. This article is structured as follows. Firstly, we approximate the fundaments of neoliberal thinking through the inner workings of Vanberg and Hayek. Secondly, we incorporate the Polanyian framework, focusing primarily on the concept of a countermovement. Lastly, we assess the development of neoliberal features in the political economy of Hungary and Poland, trying to position the emergence of Fidesz and Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Law and Justice, PiS) into this development. We argue that both countermovements emerged as a result of general discontent with neoliberal development. Whilst the political economy of Orbán’s regime remains critical of neoliberalism mainly in the rhetoric, camouflaging neoliberal orthodoxy with developmental rhetoric, the conservative governments in Poland made a substantial shift from the neoliberal orthodoxy following their rise to power in 2015.

摘要

本文旨在评估最近匈牙利和波兰出现波兰尼式反运动的原因，以及他们对1989年后社会经济发展中盛行的新自由主义正统观念的态度。本文的结构如下。首先，我们通过范伯格和哈耶克的内部运作来了解新自由主义思想的基础。其次，我们纳入了波兰尼框架，主要关注反向运动的概念。最后，我们评估了匈牙利和波兰政治经济中新自由主义特征的发展，试图将 Fidesz 和 Prawo i Sprawiedliwość（法律与正义，PiS）的出现纳入这一发展之中。我们认为，这两种相反运动的出现都是由于对新自由主义发展的普遍不满。