Although the practice of transferring vocational education and training (VET) structures internationally has a long tradition, there is still a lack of systematic research in this field. The various theoretical models and empirical approaches applied to analyse the transfer of the internationally very heterogeneous VET systems result in a strong fragmentation of the research landscape. Hence, consolidation and synthesizing efforts in international VET transfer research are required. This study focuses on the empirical research on VET transfer, analysing the impact and the evidential quality of the study results, and their significance. In this systematic literature review, a total of 231 relevant studies were found and of these, 26 studies were selected for full-text analysis based on predefined criteria. These empirical studies were analysed in a two-step procedure. First, the studies were classified into predefined superordinate categories (e.g., year, research objective, method, sample, participating countries, central result). Second, they were analysed in more depth following an integrative framework based on a research pyramid model and a model for assessing the quality of qualitative research. This critical twofold analysis of the current relevant literature indicates that there is extensive research on international VET transfer. So far, this field of research is characterized by case studies with predominantly qualitative designs and analysis methods. More methodological diversity, which includes longitudinal studies and comparative analyses, is important to this field to provide more well-founded research outcomes in the future. These, in turn, could provide practical and political actors with an evidence-based foundation for their decision-making. By identifying the specific strengths and shortcomings of the empirical research on VET transfer, we reveal central desiderata and derive recommendations on how to strengthen future research and evidence-based VET practice.

中文翻译：

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国际职业教育培训转移实证研究文献综述

尽管职业教育与培训（VET）结构在国际上的转移实践有着悠久的传统，但该领域仍缺乏系统的研究。用于分析国际上非常异质的 VET 系统转移的各种理论模型和实证方法导致研究领域的强烈碎片化。因此，需要整合和综合国际 VET 转移研究。本研究重点对职业教育与培训转移进行实证研究，分析研究结果的影响和证据质量及其意义。在这项系统的文献综述中，共发现了 231 项相关研究，其中 26 项研究根据预定义的标准被选出进行全文分析。这些实证研究分两步进行分析。首先，这些研究被分为预定义的上级类别（例如，年份、研究目标、方法、样本、参与国家、中心结果）。其次，根据基于研究金字塔模型和评估定性研究质量的模型的综合框架，对它们进行了更深入的分析。对当前相关文献的这种批判性双重分析表明，对国际 VET 转移有广泛的研究。到目前为止，该研究领域的特点是案例研究主要采用定性设计和分析方法。更多的方法多样性，包括纵向研究和比较分析，对于该领域很重要，可以在未来提供更有根据的研究成果。这些，反过来，可以为实际行动者和政治行动者提供基于证据的决策基础。通过确定 VET 转移实证研究的具体优势和不足，我们揭示了中心需求，并就如何加强未来研究和循证 VET 实践提出了建议。