This study examines gender, geographic, and earnings inequalities within and across 13 health, education, and STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and computer science) professions in Canada. Data from the 2006 and 2016 population censuses were pooled and linked to a continuous geospatial remoteness index for assessing trends in occupational feminization and associated employment earnings among degree-holding professionals aged 25–54. Linear regression and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition methods were used to analyze how personal, professional, and socioenvironmental factors may attenuate or magnify wage differentials by sex. Results show the STEM professions tended to remain male-dominated, heavily urbanized, and subject to significantly lower earnings for women compared to men. Other historically female-dominated professions, notably nursing professionals and secondary school teachers, were characterized with geographic distributions most closely approaching the general population, relatively narrower gender wage gaps, but also lower average annual earnings. A significant gender wage differential was found in each profession, with women earning 4.6‒12.5% less than men, after adjusting for traditional human capital measures, social characteristics intersecting with gender, and community remoteness and accessibility. Residential remoteness and census period generally explained little of the gender wage gap. Despite decades of pay equity policies in Canada, women’s earnings averaged 2.3‒7.9% less than men’s due to unexplained factors, a finding which may be attributed, at least in part, to persistent (unmeasured) gender discrimination even in highly educated professions.

本研究调查了加拿大 13 个健康、教育和 STEM（科学、技术、工程、数学和计算机科学）专业内部和之间的性别、地理和收入不平等。汇总了 2006 年和 2016 年人口普查的数据，并与连续的地理空间偏远指数相关联，以评估 25-54 岁持有学位的专业人士的职业女性化趋势和相关就业收入。线性回归和 Oaxaca-Blinder 分解方法用于分析个人、专业和社会环境因素如何减弱或放大性别工资差异。结果显示，与男性相比，STEM 专业倾向于保持男性主导、高度城市化，并且女性的收入明显低于男性。其他历史上以女性为主的职业，尤其是护理专业人员和中学教师，其特点是地理分布最接近普通人群，性别工资差距相对较小，但平均年收入也较低。在对传统的人力资本指标、与性别交叉的社会特征以及社区的偏远和可达性进行调整后，每个职业都发现了显着的性别工资差异，女性的收入比男性低 4.6-12.5%。居住地偏远和人口普查期通常不能解释性别工资差距。尽管加拿大实施了数十年的薪酬平等政策，但由于无法解释的因素，女性的收入平均比男性低 2.3-7.9%，这一发现可能至少部分归因于即使在受过高等教育的职业中也存在持续的（无法衡量的）性别歧视。