While a finding of pig remains has often been regarded in Iron Age archaeological studies as an indication of the inhabitants’ identity, several recent zooarchaeological studies have shown that the archaeological record is more complex, and that pig remains cannot serve as an identity marker. The textual evidence analyzed in this paper supports this direction and suggests a multistage development process leading up to various expressions of the pig taboo in ancient Israelite belief. While in the Pentateuch pigs are mentioned alongside other impure animals and are not accorded excessive impurity amongst them, the textual sources indicate that pigs received a special status and became an identity marker only from the Greco-Roman period onwards. This paper also shows that during this period even the word “pig” became taboo in certain instances, as seen from three texts preserved in LXX of Samuel-Kings (1–4 Kingdoms) but missing from MT.

中文翻译：

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猪肉消费作为古代以色列的身份标记：文本证据

虽然在铁器时代的考古研究中，猪遗骸的发现通常被视为居民身份的标志，但最近的几项动物考古学研究表明，考古记录更为复杂，猪遗骸不能作为身份标记。本文分析的文本证据支持这一方向，并表明一个多阶段的发展过程导致了古代以色列人信仰中猪禁忌的各种表达。虽然在摩西五经中，猪与其他不纯的动物一起被提到，但并没有被认为是过度的不纯，但文本来源表明，猪获得了特殊的地位，并且仅从希腊罗马时期开始成为身份标记。这篇论文还表明，在此期间，甚至“猪”这个词在某些情况下也成为禁忌，LXXSamuel-Kings (1–4 Kingdoms) 但从公吨.