This article analyzes cross-national and longitudinal variations in the incorporation of nonhuman animals into country constitutions and legislation. We argue that incorporation follows from the scientific rationalization and human rights-based ontological elaboration of nonhuman animals in world society, carried by a growing number of intergovernmental agreements and international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs). To test our ideas, we use event-history analyses on original data from 195 countries for the period 1972–2020. The models of constitutional incorporation show mixed results, with positive effects from human rights and INGOs but negative effects from science and intergovernmental agreements. The models of legislative incorporation show consistent positive effects from world factors, even when controlling for a range of domestic factors. Legal incorporation suggests an extension of the boundaries of “society,” driven by the rising prominence of highly rationalized and elaborated models of nonhuman animals, replete with dignity, sentience, and even tentative forms of rights and personhood.

本文分析了将非人类动物纳入国家宪法和立法的跨国和纵向变化。我们认为，融合源于世界社会对非人类动物的科学合理化和基于人权的本体论阐述，由越来越多的政府间协议和国际非政府组织 (INGO) 进行。为了验证我们的想法，我们对 1972-2020 年期间 195 个国家的原始数据进行了事件历史分析。宪法纳入模式显示出不同的结果，人权和国际非政府组织产生积极影响，但科学和政府间协议产生负面影响。立法合并模型显示出来自世界因素的一致积极影响，即使控制了一系列国内因素。法律纳入意味着“社会”边界的延伸，这是由高度合理化和精心设计的非人类动物模型的日益突出所推动的，这些模型充满了尊严、感知，甚至是权利和人格的初步形式。