In the neonatal lung, exposure to both prenatal and early postnatal risk factors converge into the development of injury and ultimately chronic disease, also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The focus of many studies has been the characteristic inflammatory responses provoked by these exposures. Here, we review the relationship between immaturity and prenatal conditions, as well as postnatal exposure to mechanical ventilation and oxygen toxicity, with the imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory regulatory networks. In these conditions, cytokine release, protease activity, and sustained presence of innate immune cells in the lung result in pathologic processes contributing to lung injury. We highlight the recruitment and function of myeloid innate immune cells, in particular, neutrophils and monocyte/macrophages in the BPD lung in human patients and animal models. We also discuss dissimilarities between the infant and adult immune system as a basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

中文翻译：

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免疫细胞募集与 BPD 发展的关联

在新生儿肺中，暴露于产前和产后早期危险因素会导致损伤并最终发展为慢性疾病，也称为支气管肺发育不良 (BPD)。许多研究的重点是这些暴露引起的特征性炎症反应。在这里，我们回顾了未成熟和产前状况之间的关系，以及产后暴露于机械通气和氧气毒性，以及促炎和抗炎调节网络的不平衡。在这些情况下，细胞因子释放、蛋白酶活性和先天免疫细胞在肺中的持续存在导致导致肺损伤的病理过程。我们强调髓系先天免疫细胞的募集和功能，特别是，人类患者和动物模型中 BPD 肺中的中性粒细胞和单核细胞/巨噬细胞。我们还讨论了婴儿和成人免疫系统之间的差异，作为开发新治疗策略的基础。