Green hydrogen produced by water electrolysis is one of the most promising technologies to realize the efficient utilization of intermittent renewable energy and the decarbonizing future. Among various electrolysis technologies, the emerging anion-exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) shows the most potential for producing green hydrogen at a competitive price. In this review, we demonstrate a comprehensive introduction to AEMWE including the advanced electrode design, the lab-scaled testing system establishment, and the electrochemical performance evaluation. Specifically, recent progress in developing high activity transition metal-based powder electrocatalysts and self-supporting electrodes for AEMWE is summarized. To improve the synergistic transfer behaviors between electron, charge, water, and gas inside the gas diffusion electrode (GDE), two optimizing strategies are concluded by regulating the pore structure and interfacial chemistry. Moreover, we provide a detailed guideline for establishing the AEMWE testing system and selecting the electrolyzer components. The influences of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) technologies and operation conditions on cell performance are also discussed. Besides, diverse electrochemical methods to evaluate the activity and stability, implement the failure analyses, and realize the in-situ characterizations are elaborated. In end, some perspectives about the optimization of interfacial environment and cost assessments have been proposed for the development of advanced and durable AEMWE.

水电解制氢是实现间歇性可再生能源高效利用和脱碳未来最有希望的技术之一。在各种电解技术中，新兴的阴离子交换膜水电解（AEMWE）显示出最具竞争力的价格生产绿色氢气的潜力。在这篇综述中，我们全面介绍了 AEMWE，包括先进的电极设计、实验室规模的测试系统建立和电化学性能评估。具体来说，总结了在开发用于 AEMWE 的高活性过渡金属基粉末电催化剂和自支撑电极方面的最新进展。改善电子、电荷、水之间的协同转移行为，和气体扩散电极（GDE）内部的气体，通过调节孔结构和界面化学，得出了两种优化策略。此外，我们还提供了建立 AEMWE 测试系统和选择电解槽组件的详细指南。还讨论了膜电极组件（MEA）技术和操作条件对电池性能的影响。此外，多种电化学方法可用于评估活性和稳定性，实施故障分析，并实现 还讨论了膜电极组件（MEA）技术和操作条件对电池性能的影响。此外，多种电化学方法可用于评估活性和稳定性，实施故障分析，并实现 还讨论了膜电极组件（MEA）技术和操作条件对电池性能的影响。此外，多种电化学方法可用于评估活性和稳定性，实施故障分析，并实现详细说明了原位表征。最后，提出了一些关于界面环境优化和成本评估的观点，以开发先进耐用的AEMWE。