ABSTRACT

The person-centered approach has been divided into five phases: non-directive, reflexive, experiential, collective or interhuman, and post-Rogerian, according to technical and epistemological criteria. We understand that each of these phases refers to a way to deal with alterity, or difference. This study aimed to analyze how difference may be explained in the non-directive phase of the person-centered approach. For a definition of alterity, we based our thinking on the work of Emmanuel Levinas. We found that denial of alterity was present in the objective search for regularities in the therapeutic relationship, emphasis on the technical, attempts at the social adaptation of clients, and the appreciation given to insight. We turned to the notion of ‘figures of alterity’: how a certain thought leads to a larger or smaller openness to experiencing a potential difference. We found that approaches to difference appeared through four figures of alterity: the Other of ignorance, the Other of the narrative, the Other of affect, and the Other of refraction.

摘要

根据技术和认识论标准，以人为中心的方法被分为五个阶段：非指导性、反射性、经验性、集体或人际性以及后罗杰主义。我们知道，每个阶段都指的是一种处理相异性或差异的方法。本研究旨在分析如何在以人为本的方法的非指导阶段解释差异。对于相异性的定义，我们的想法基于伊曼纽尔·列维纳斯 (Emmanuel Levinas) 的工作。我们发现，在客观地寻找治疗关系的规律性、强调技术、尝试客户的社会适应以及对洞察力的欣赏中，存在着对相异性的否认。我们转向“相异数字”的概念：某种想法如何导致更大或更小的开放性去体验潜在的差异。我们发现，差异化的途径是通过四种不同的形象出现的：无知的他者、叙事的他者、情感的他者和折射的他者。