ABSTRACT

The polemics between Boris Chicherin and Vladimir Solovyov are perhaps the most remarkable event in the intellectual history of Russian liberalism. These polemics elicited keen interest in the whole of society, not just among liberal circles. The arguments between the two thinkers occurred during the period when Russian liberalism was ascendant while at the same time transforming into social liberalism. The doctrinal basis of liberalism was stretched to the limit and began to lose its identity as a result. The arguments between the two thinkers reflected these circumstances to some extent. They were conducted on a very wide range of topics, including morality and its nature, personhood and its freedom and connection with society, law and the state, and the meaning of historical development. This article analyzes Solovyov’s notion of personal–social reality and his understanding of law as the bare minimum of ethics. The author approaches to Chicherin in terms of his ideas about the nature of personhood and its place in legal theory, as well as his doctrine of the relationship between law and morality, which he developed within his understanding of autonomous ethics.

摘要

鲍里斯·奇切林（Boris Chicherin）和弗拉基米尔·索洛维约夫（Vladimir Solovyov）之间的争论也许是俄罗斯自由主义思想史上最引人注目的事件。这些论战引起了整个社会的浓厚兴趣，而不仅仅是自由派。两位思想家的争论发生在俄国自由主义盛行，同时又向社会自由主义转变的时期。自由主义的教义基础被拉到了极限，结果开始失去它的身份。两位思想家的争论在一定程度上反映了这些情况。他们的主题非常广泛，包括道德及其本质、人格及其自由与社会、法律和国家的联系，以及历史发展的意义。本文分析了索洛维约夫的个人-社会现实概念以及他对法律作为最低限度的伦理的理解。作者从他关于人格的本质及其在法律理论中的地位的观点，以及他在对自主伦理的理解中发展起来的关于法律与道德之间关系的学说来接近奇切林。