The collection, storage, and transportation of water samples from far-off places to the labs is a pretty challenging task. It can cause contamination, degradation, or losses of the analytes, leading to errors in the analysis. On-site sample preparation provides an opportunity to extract the analytes into suitable extraction media that preserves the analytes and is easy to handle in terms of storage and transportation. However, the required equipment for on-site sample preparation should be simple, portable, and energy-efficient. Solvent- and sorbent-based microextraction approaches and the modern variants of solid-phase extraction have shown great potential for on-site sample preparation because of reduced consumption of solvents and low energy requirement. This review provides an overview of the application of different extraction techniques in on-site sample preparation, their advantages, and their limitations. The recent advances combining on-site extraction and analysis have also been critically discussed.

从遥远的地方收集、储存和运输水样到实验室是一项非常具有挑战性的任务。它可能导致分析物的污染、降解或损失，从而导致分析错误。现场样品制备提供了将分析物提取到合适的提取介质中的机会，该介质可以保存分析物并且在储存和运输方面易于处理。然而，现场样品制备所需的设备应该简单、便携和节能。基于溶剂和吸附剂的微萃取方法以及现代固相萃取变体显示出在现场样品制备方面的巨大潜力，因为溶剂消耗量减少且能量需求低。本综述概述了不同提取技术在现场样品制备中的应用、它们的优点和局限性。结合现场提取和分析的最新进展也得到了批判性讨论。