An open question in comparative psychology is whether the source of correlations among different measures of ability (the g factor) is shared between species, or is distinct. This is examined using data on the performance of three monkey species (tufted capuchins, black-handed spider monkeys, and long-tailed macaques) on 16 cognitive ability measures. The differences between species pairs across measures are not generally strongly related to the degree to which the g factor loads on each subtest. Iteratively removing the subtests with the lowest coefficients of variance (CV), and recorrelating the species differences with subtest g-loadings was found to increase the association between the two. Across iterations, subtest pooled CV strongly and positively predicts the increase in the degree to which g-loadings are predictive of species difference in two comparisons, but is a weaker predictor in the comparison between tufted capuchins and black-handed spider monkeys. These associations were not related to phylogenetic distance but were very strongly related to species differences in the means of certain ecological factors. g-scores computed for each species on the basis of the three subtests with the highest CV values exhibited very-high magnitude (>.9) associations with species-level G-scores. G is simply the species-level equivalent of g, resulting from covariation among cognitive ability measures at the level of species differences. Finally, as with previous studies, subtests that show the greatest species differences seem to draw on executive functioning, and attention, suggesting that these may be a phylogenetically conserved source of g across many animal taxa. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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三种猴子（Sapajus spp、Ateles geoffroyi 和 Macaca fascicularis）中 G 和 g 之间的趋同。

比较心理学中的一个悬而未决的问题是，不同能力测量（g 因子）之间的相关性来源是否在物种之间共享，或者是不同的。这是使用三种猴子（簇绒卷尾猴、黑手蜘蛛猴和长尾猕猴）在 16 项认知能力测量中的表现数据来检验的。跨测量的物种对之间的差异通常与 g 因子在每个子测试中的负载程度密切相关。迭代删除具有最低方差系数 (CV) 的子测试，并将物种差异与子测试 g 载荷重新关联，发现可以增加两者之间的关联。在迭代中，subtest pooled CV 强烈而积极地预测了 g 载荷在两个比较中预测物种差异的程度的增加，但在簇绒卷尾猴和黑手蜘蛛猴之间的比较中是一个较弱的预测因子。这些关联与系统发育距离无关，但与某些生态因子均值的物种差异密切相关。根据具有最高 CV 值的三个子测试为每个物种计算的 g 分数显示出与物种级 G 分数的非常高的幅度 (>.9) 关联。G 只是 g 的物种水平等价物，由物种差异水平的认知能力测量之间的协变产生。最后，与之前的研究一样，显示最大物种差异的子测试似乎需要执行功能和注意力，这表明这些可能是许多动物类群中 g 的系统发育保守来源。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。