Mental health disorders share substantial variance, prompting researchers to develop structural models that can capture both generalised psychopathology risk and disorder/symptom-specific variation. This study investigated the associations of the general and specific psychopathology factors with multiple personality trait hierarchy levels: broad domains, their facets and nuances (N = 1839 Estonian adults). A bi-factor model with a general ‘p’ factor and specific factors for internalising problems, thought disorders and substance use best represented psychopathology structure. Although traits' predictive accuracy varied across psychopathology factors, nuances (the lowest level personality units) provided higher predictive accuracy and higher discriminant validity than domains. For example, traits related to high vulnerability, depression and immoderation and low friendliness and achievement striving were most strongly associated with the p factor. Nuances may prove useful for predicting and understanding general and specific psychopathology forms.

中文翻译：

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调查具有细微差别人格特征的一般和特定精神病理学因素

心理健康障碍有很大的差异，促使研究人员开发结构模型，以捕捉普遍的精神病理学风险和障碍/症状特异性变异。本研究调查了一般和特定精神病理学因素与多重人格特质等级水平的关联：广泛的领域、它们的方面和细微差别（N  = 1839 爱沙尼亚成年人）。具有一般p的双因子模型' 内化问题、思维障碍和物质使用的因素和具体因素最能代表精神病理学结构。尽管特质的预测准确性因精神病理学因素而异，但细微差别（最低水平的人格单位）提供了比领域更高的预测准确性和更高的判别有效性。例如，与高脆弱性、抑郁和放纵以及低友好度和成就奋斗相关的特征与 p因子的相关性最强。细微差别可能有助于预测和理解一般和特定的精神病理学形式。