Pueraria lobata var. montana (P. montana) belongs to the genus Pueraria and originated in Asia. Compared with its sister P. thomsonii, P. montana has stronger growth vigour and cold-adaption but contains less bioactive metabolites such as puerarin. To promote the investigation of metabolic regulation and genetic improvement of Pueraria, the present study reports a chromosome-level genome of P. montana with length of 978.59 Mb and scaffold N50 of 80.18 Mb. Comparative genomics analysis showed that P. montana possesses smaller genome size than that of P. thomsonii owing to less repeat sequences and duplicated genes. A total of 6,548 and 4,675 variety-specific gene families were identified in P. montana and P. thomsonii, respectively. The identified variety-specific and expanded/contracted gene families related to biosynthesis of bioactive metabolites and microtubules are likely the causes for the different characteristics of metabolism and cold-adaption of P. montana and P. thomsonii. Moreover, a graphic genome was constructed based on 11 P. montana accessions. Total 92 structural variants were identified and most of which are related to stimulus-response. In conclusion, the chromosome-level and graphic genomes of P. montana will not only facilitate the studies of evolution and metabolic regulation, but also promote the breeding of Pueraria.

中文翻译：

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染色体水平和图形基因组提供了对生物活性代谢物代谢和葛根冷适应的见解。蒙大拿。

葛根变种 蒙大拿（P. montana）属于葛根属，原产于亚洲。与姊妹 P. thomsonii 相比，P. montana 具有更强的生长活力和耐寒性，但葛根素等生物活性代谢产物较少。为促进葛根代谢调控和遗传改良的研究，本研究报告了 P. montana 染色体水平基因组，长度为 978.59 Mb，支架 N50 为 80.18 Mb。比较基因组学分析表明，由于重复序列和重复基因较少，P. montana 的基因组大小比 P. thomsonii 小。在 P. montana 和 P. thomsonii 中分别鉴定出 6,548 和 4,675 个品种特异性基因家族。鉴定出的与生物活性代谢物和微管生物合成相关的品种特异性和扩增/收缩基因家族可能是导致 P. montana 和 P. thomsonii 代谢和冷适应不同特征的原因。此外，基于 11 个 P. montana 种质构建了图形基因组。共鉴定了 92 种结构变体，其中大部分与刺激反应有关。综上所述，P. montana的染色体水平和图形基因组不仅有利于研究葛根的进化和代谢调控，也有利于葛根的育种。共鉴定了 92 种结构变体，其中大部分与刺激反应有关。综上所述，P. montana的染色体水平和图形基因组不仅有利于研究葛根的进化和代谢调控，也有利于葛根的育种。共鉴定了 92 种结构变体，其中大部分与刺激反应有关。综上所述，P. montana的染色体水平和图形基因组不仅有利于研究葛根的进化和代谢调控，也有利于葛根的育种。