Using microsimulation tools, we explore the social policy responses to the Great Recession and the COVID-19 crisis, and their impact on preserving living standards in Ireland. During the Great Recession, the focus was on cost reduction. By contrast, during the COVID-19 crisis, the focus was on mitigating the impact on household incomes. In addition, an innovation in joint public and private responses emerged through social partnership. We find a stronger policy response during the COVID-19 crisis than the Great Recession. The COVID-19 crisis was more rapid, leaving more individuals out of work, thus family support was weaker. This was compensated by stronger private support through social partnership. Consequently, those with lower incomes had larger disposable incomes at the onset of the crisis; an effect that reduced with policy learning. We find increasing trust in public institutions during the COVID-19 crisis as opposed to a decline during the Great Recession.

中文翻译：

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危机时期的新福利国家应对措施：COVID-19 危机与大衰退

使用微观模拟工具，我们探讨了对大萧条和 COVID-19 危机的社会政策反应，以及它们对保持爱尔兰生活水平的影响。在大衰退期间，重点是降低成本。相比之下，在 COVID-19 危机期间，重点是减轻对家庭收入的影响。此外，通过社会伙伴关系出现了公共和私人联合应对措施的创新。我们发现在 COVID-19 危机期间的政策反应比大萧条时期更有力。COVID-19 危机更加迅速，导致更多人失业，因此家庭支持较弱。这通过社会伙伴关系得到更强大的私人支持来弥补。因此，收入较低的人在危机开始时拥有较大的可支配收入；随着政策学习而减少的影响。