For the first time, 3GPP considered in Release-17 the introduction of mobile satellite service (MSS) frequency bands for 3GPP user equipment (UE) direct connectivity with satellites and had to consider the coexistence in adjacent bands with terrestrial networks (TNs). This paper will further explain the most challenging and the main surprising outcomes of this work, which opened new market opportunities for both terrestrial and nonterrestrial stakeholders. 5G New Radio nonterrestrial networks (NTNs) for satellite communications are representing a major breakthrough in the history of telecommunication for the capability of reuniting two different types of services, that is, terrestrial and nonterrestrial, by reusing the same waveform and potentially the same type of terminal. One of the major conclusions of the 5G NR NTN 3GPP work in Release-17 was that NTN UE could reuse the current requirements of the TN UE. For this reason, the same terminal can connect to both TNs and to nonterrestrial satellite constellations. Consequently, the market is not fragmented and therefore there will be a real opportunity for both terrestrial and satellite operators to increase the coverage and the quality of the service all over the world. This is one of the most important breakthroughs that 3GPP Release-17 work was able to justify because it clearly shows that satellite connectivity using 5G NR technology is not only for dedicated satellite 5G NR UE with a higher power class. On the other hand, the 3GPP work also shows that the satellite connectivity does not require a dedicated satellite waveform, because 5G NR waveform based on CP-OFDM (for downlink) and DFT-s-OFDM (for uplink) is sufficient. Another important finding is that TN can coexist with NTN on adjacent channels with relaxed ACIR requirements for the tested simulation scenarios. In fact, the satellite 5G NR requirements are lower when compared with terrestrial base station (BS) requirements from previous 3GPP releases. The satellite ecosystem tremendously changed after these findings, and both satellite and terrestrial stakeholders now see a potential market opportunity.

中文翻译：

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3GPP Release-17 5G新空口非地面网络卫星接入节点和用户设备要求

3GPP 首次在第 17 版中考虑引入移动卫星服务 (MSS) 频段，以便 3GPP 用户设备 (UE) 与卫星直接连接，并且不得不考虑相邻频段与地面网络 (TN) 的共存。本文将进一步解释这项工作最具挑战性和主要令人惊讶的成果，这为陆地和非陆地利益相关者开辟了新的市场机会。用于卫星通信的 5G 新无线电非地面网络 (NTN) 代表了电信历史上的一项重大突破，它能够通过重复使用相同的波形和可能相同类型的信号，重新组合两种不同类型的服务，即地面和非地面服务终端。5G NR NTN 3GPP 在版本 17 中的工作的主要结论之一是 NTN UE 可以重用 TN UE 的当前要求。为此，同一个终端可以连接到 TN 和非地面卫星星座。因此，市场并不分散，因此地面和卫星运营商将有真正的机会来增加全球服务的覆盖范围和质量。这是 3GPP 第 17 版工作能够证明的最重要的突破之一，因为它清楚地表明使用 5G NR 技术的卫星连接不仅适用于具有更高功率等级的专用卫星 5G NR UE。另一方面，3GPP的工作也表明卫星连接不需要专用的卫星波形，因为基于 CP-OFDM（用于下行链路）和 DFT-s-OFDM（用于上行链路）的 5G NR 波形就足够了。另一个重要发现是 TN 可以在相邻信道上与 NTN 共存，对测试的模拟场景放宽了 ACIR 要求。事实上，与之前 3GPP 版本的地面基站 (BS) 要求相比，卫星 5G NR 要求更低。在这些发现之后，卫星生态系统发生了巨大变化，卫星和地面利益相关者现在都看到了潜在的市场机会。与之前 3GPP 版本的地面基站 (BS) 要求相比，卫星 5G NR 要求更低。在这些发现之后，卫星生态系统发生了巨大变化，卫星和地面利益相关者现在都看到了潜在的市场机会。与之前 3GPP 版本的地面基站 (BS) 要求相比，卫星 5G NR 要求更低。在这些发现之后，卫星生态系统发生了巨大变化，卫星和地面利益相关者现在都看到了潜在的市场机会。