Suicide is a multifaceted and poorly understood clinical outcome, and there is an urgent need to advance research on its phenomenology and etiology. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that suicidal behavior is heritable, suggesting that genetic and epigenetic information may serve as biomarkers for suicide risk. Here we systematically review the literature on genetic and epigenetic alterations observed in phenotypes across the full range of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB). We included 577 studies focused on genome-wide and epigenome-wide associations, candidate genes (SNP and methylation), noncoding RNAs, and histones. Convergence of specific genes is limited across units of analysis, although pathway-based analyses do indicate nervous system development and function and immunity/inflammation as potential underlying mechanisms of SITB. We provide suggestions for future work on the genetic and epigenetic correlates of SITB with a specific focus on measurement issues.

中文翻译：

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自伤思想和行为的遗传学和表观遗传学：对自杀文献和方法论思考的系统回顾

自杀是一个多方面的且知之甚少的临床结果，迫切需要推进对其现象学和病因学的研究。流行病学研究表明，自杀行为是可以遗传的，这表明遗传和表观遗传信息可以作为自杀风险的生物标志物。在这里，我们系统地回顾了关于在各种自残思想和行为 (SITB) 的表型中观察到的遗传和表观遗传改变的文献。我们纳入了 577 项研究，重点关注全基因组和表观基因组关联、候选基因（SNP 和甲基化）、非编码 RNA 和组蛋白。特定基因的收敛在分析单元之间受到限制，尽管基于通路的分析确实表明神经系统发育和功能以及免疫/炎症是 SITB 的潜在潜在机制。我们为 SITB 的遗传和表观遗传相关性的未来工作提供建议，特别关注测量问题。