ABSTRACT

The study attempted to identify the challenges and threats to coastal and marine conservation and assessed the effectiveness of the existing legal, policy, and institutional frameworks in this regard. This multidisciplinary research used both primary and secondary data. It was revealed that in the protected areas, both conservations and degradations go hand in hand, indicating the ineffectiveness of regulatory schemes. Ironically, many destructive activities like wetland poisoning, onslaught wildlife poaching, and clear felling of mangrove tree species threaten conservation initiatives in the coastal habitats. There is no specific law and policy which can effectively regulate marine and coastal resource management and conservation. Instead, many fragmented laws and policies created jurisdictional overlapping, followed by interest conflicts in most cases. The study recommends legal and institutional reforms to abolish jurisdictional overlapping and establish effective marine governance. The study proposed a model of an evidence-based national marine policy based on stakeholders’ perceptions.

摘要

该研究试图确定沿海和海洋保护面临的挑战和威胁，并评估了这方面现有法律、政策和体制框架的有效性。这项多学科研究同时使用了主要和次要数据。据透露，在保护区内，保护和退化齐头并进，表明监管计划无效。具有讽刺意味的是，许多破坏性活动，如湿地中毒、猛烈攻击野生动物偷猎和砍伐红树林树种，威胁着沿海栖息地的保护举措。没有具体的法律和政策可以有效规范海洋和沿海资源的管理和保护。相反，许多支离破碎的法律和政策造成了管辖权重叠，其次是大多数情况下的利益冲突。该研究建议进行法律和体制改革，以消除管辖权重叠并建立有效的海洋治理。该研究提出了一个基于利益相关者看法的循证国家海洋政策模型。