ABSTRACT

Introduction

The purpose of this manuscript is to report on the finding of asynchrony measures during Improvised Active Music Therapy (IAMT) sessions with individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Method

In this single subject multiple baseline design across subjects, the study measured asynchrony of three right-handed participants with PD while playing uninterrupted improvised music on a simplified electronic drum-set. During baseline, the music therapist played rhythms with lowto moderate density of syncopation. During treatment, the music therapist introduced rhythms with moderate to high density of syncopation. The music content of the sessions was transformed into digital music using Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI). MIDI data were analyzed to determine participants’ and the music therapist’s asynchrony (on acoustic guitar) during baseline and treatment conditions.

Results

The results of this manuscript suggest that all participants exhibited total negative mean asynchrony and in that the music therapist exhibited total positive mean asynchrony scores within and across conditions. All participants also demonstrated score fluctuation in left foot and right foot as compared to upper extremity within and across conditions.

Discussion

Overall, participants showed their ability to synchronize to the music produced by the music therapist throughout conditions by demonstrating anticipation. Also, participants demonstrated some difficulty while synchronizing with lower extremity. Music therapy clinicians might benefit from knowledge of their own tempo inconsistencies to be able to synchronize with clients more effectively. More research is required to identify commonalities and differences in music synchronization measures between individuals with PD and healthy individuals during IAMT sessions.

中文翻译：

---

帕金森病患者即兴主动音乐治疗期间的同步

摘要

介绍

这份手稿的目的是报告在与帕金森病 (PD) 患者的即兴主动音乐治疗 (IAMT) 会议期间发现的异步措施。

方法

在这个跨受试者的单一受试者多基线设计中，该研究测量了三名右撇子 PD 参与者的不同步性，同时在简化的电子鼓上演奏不间断的即兴音乐。在基线期间，音乐治疗师演奏具有低到中等密度切分音的节奏。在治疗期间，音乐治疗师引入了中度至高密度切分音的节奏。使用乐器数字接口 (MIDI) 将会议的音乐内容转换为数字音乐。分析 MIDI 数据以确定参与者和音乐治疗师在基线和治疗条件下的不同步性（在原声吉他上）。

结果

这份手稿的结果表明，所有参与者都表现出完全的负平均异步，并且音乐治疗师在条件内和跨条件下表现出总的正平均异步分数。与条件内和跨条件下的上肢相比，所有参与者还表现出左脚和右脚的得分波动。

讨论

总体而言，参与者通过表现出预期，展示了他们在整个条件下与音乐治疗师制作的音乐同步的能力。此外，参与者在与下肢同步时表现出一些困难。音乐治疗临床医生可能会受益于他们自己节奏不一致的知识，以便能够更有效地与客户同步。需要更多的研究来确定 PD 患者和健康人在 IAMT 会议期间音乐同步测量的共性和差异。