This article analyses Ibn Taymiyya’s neglected commentary on ʿAbū al-Qāsim al-Qushayrī ’s Epistle on Sufism (al-Risāla al-Qushayriyya fī ʿilm al-taṣawwuf), in which he wages several intellectual battles simultaneously: with Ashʿarī theologians of earlier centuries, such as al-Qushayrī himself; with his Ashʿarī contemporaries like Ibn Jahbal al-Kilābī; and with advocates in Damascus and Cairo of Ibn al-ʿArabī’s monistic teachings. Ibn Taymiyya deploys a set of historical and discursive arguments rooted in the early Sufi historiography to argue that both Ashaʿrīs and monistic-minded Sufis do not have a rightful claim to the heritage of the early Sufi authorities. In the struggle to define ‘Islamic orthodoxy’, Ashaʿrīs and Ḥanbalīs evince two radically different approaches to Sufi sayings. Al-Qushayrī and Ibn Jahbal affirm the harmony between Sufi utterances and the rational proofs of speculative theology (kalām), while, in stark contrast, Ibn Taymiyya accentuates their ascetic-mystical connotations. This Ḥanbalī–Ashʿarī debate comprised two conflicting attitudes to the notion of ‘Muslim sainthood’ (wilāya): the Ashʿarīs insisted that early Sufi saintly figures (awliyāʾ) mastered the principles of kalām in order to explain the nature of God to different classes of the Muslim community, while Ibn Taymiyya believed that this type of theological reasoning undermined the very foundations of the spiritual teachings of the early Sufis and retarded the spiritual growth of those who undertook the Sufi path. These polemical exchanges demonstrate that Sufi figures, concepts, images, and texts became central to the articulation of theological arguments during the early Mamluk sultanate.

中文翻译：

---

穆斯林圣徒的角逐：伊本·泰米亚对 Al-Qushayrī 的 Risala 的批判

本文分析了 Ibn Taymiyya 对 ʿAbū al-Qāsim al-Qushayrī 的《关于苏菲主义的书信》 (al-Risāla al-Qushayriyya fī ʿilm al-taṣawwuf) 被忽视的评论，其中他同时进行了几场思想斗争：与早期几个世纪的 Ashʿarī 神学家，比如al-Qushayrī本人；与他的阿什阿里同时代人，如 Ibn Jahbal al-Kilābī；并与大马士​​革和开罗的 Ibn al-ʿArabī 一元论教义的倡导者一起。Ibn Taymiyya 部署了一套植根于早期苏菲史学的历史和论述论据，认为阿莎里派和一元论思想的苏菲派都没有对早期苏菲派权威的遗产拥有正当的主张。在定义“伊斯兰正统”的斗争中，Ashaʿrīs 和 Ḥanbalīs 表现出两种截然不同的苏菲说法。Al-Qushayrī 和 Ibn Jahbal 肯定了苏菲派的言论与思辨神学 (kalām) 的理性证明之间的和谐，而与之形成鲜明对比的是，Ibn Taymiyya 强调了他们的苦行和神秘的内涵。这场 Ḥanbalī-Ashʿarī 辩论包含对“穆斯林圣徒”（wilāya）概念的两种相互冲突的态度：Ashʿarīs 坚持认为早期的苏菲圣徒人物（awliyāʾ）掌握了 kalām 的原则，以便向不同阶级的穆斯林解释上帝的本质。穆斯林社区，而 Ibn Taymiyya 认为，这种神学推理破坏了早期苏菲派精神教义的基础，并阻碍了那些走上苏菲派道路的人的精神成长。这些争论性的交流表明，苏菲人物、概念、图像、