Abstract

In recent years, the transdisciplinarity of archaeological studies has greatly increased because of the mature interactions between archaeologists and scientists from different disciplines (called “archaeometers”). A number of diverse scientific disciplines collaborate to get an objective account of the archaeological records. A large amount of digital data support the whole process, and there is a great value in keeping the coherence of information and knowledge, as contributed by each intervening discipline. During the years, a number of representation models have been developed to account for the recording of the archaeological process in data bases. Lately, some semantic models, compliant with the CRMarchaeo reference model, have been developed to account for linking the institutional forms with the formal knowledge concerning the archaeological excavations and the related findings. On the contrary, the archaeometric processes have not been addressed yet in the Semantic Web community and only an upper reference model, called CRMsci, accounts for the representation of the scientific investigations in general. This paper presents a modular computational ontology for the interlinked representation of all the facts related to the archaeological and archaeometric analyses and interpretations, also connected to the recording catalogues. The computational ontology is compliant with CIDOC-CRM reference models CRMarchaeo and CRMsci and introduces a number of novel classes and properties to merge the two worlds in a joint representation. The ontology is in use in “Beyond Archaeology”, a methodological project for the establishing of a transdisciplinary approach to archaeology and archaeometry, interlinked through a semantic model of processes and objects.

中文翻译：

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从语义网的角度进行考古调查的跨学科方法

摘要

近年来，由于考古学家和来自不同学科的科学家（称为“考古学家”）之间的成熟互动，考古研究的跨学科性大大增加。许多不同的科学学科合作以客观地描述考古记录。大量的数字数据支持整个过程，并且在保持信息和知识的连贯性方面具有很大的价值，因为每个介入学科都做出了贡献。多年来，已经开发了许多表示模型来说明数据库中考古过程的记录。最近，一些符合 CRMarchaeo 参考模型的语义模型，已经开发出来以说明将制度形式与有关考古发掘和相关发现的正式知识联系起来。相反，在语义网社区中还没有解决考古过程，只有一个称为 CRMsci 的上层参考模型可以代表一般的科学研究。本文提出了一个模块化计算本体，用于与考古和考古分析和解释相关的所有事实的相互关联表示，也与记录目录相关联。计算本体符合 CIDOC-CRM 参考模型 CRMarchaeo 和 CRMsci，并引入了许多新的类和属性，以将两个世界合并为一个联合表示。