The use of artificial intelligence (AI) to compose music is becoming mainstream. Yet, there is a concern that listeners may have biases against AIs. Here, we test the hypothesis that listeners will like music less if they think it was composed by an AI. In Study 1, participants listened to excerpts of electronic and classical music and rated how much they liked the excerpts and whether they thought they were composed by an AI or human. Participants were more likely to attribute an AI composer to electronic music and liked music less that they thought was composed by an AI. In Study 2, we directly manipulated composer identity by telling participants that the music they heard (electronic music) was composed by an AI or by a human, yet we found no effect of composer identity on liking. We hypothesized that this was due to the "AI-sounding" nature of electronic music. Therefore, in Study 3, we used a set of "human-sounding" classical music excerpts. Here, participants liked the music less when it was purportedly composed by an AI. We conclude with implications of the AI composer bias for understanding perception of AIs in arts and aesthetic processing theories more broadly. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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人工智能作曲家偏见：当听众认为音乐是由人工智能创作时，他们就会不太喜欢音乐。

使用人工智能（AI）创作音乐正在成为主流。然而，有人担心听众可能对人工智能存在偏见。在这里，我们测试了这样一个假设：如果听众认为音乐是由人工智能创作的，他们就会不太喜欢音乐。在研究 1 中，参与者聆听了电子音乐和古典音乐的选段，并评价了他们对这些选段的喜爱程度以及他们认为这些选段是由人工智能还是人类创作的。参与者更有可能将电子音乐归因于人工智能作曲家，并且不太喜欢他们认为由人工智能创作的音乐。在研究2中，我们通过告诉参与者他们听到的音乐（电子音乐）是由人工智能或人类创作的，来直接操纵作曲家身份，但我们发现作曲家身份对喜好没有影响。我们假设这是由于电子音乐的“人工智能听起来”性质所致。因此，在研究三中，我们使用了一套“听起来很人性化”的古典音乐选段。在这里，当音乐据称是由人工智能创作时，参与者不太喜欢它。最后，我们总结了人工智能作曲家偏见对于更广泛地理解人工智能在艺术和审美加工理论中的感知的影响。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。