This paper examines a question posed in 2019 in the International Journal on Training and Development: ‘How do we solve a problem like apprenticeship?’ Data sources covering a substantial number of countries are used to present findings on, and analyse, initiatives that have been implemented or that have been considered, and then to develop some analytical constructs to help address the question. Fundamental issues such as the status of vocational education and training and the status of apprenticed occupations are important, but the nature of the apprenticeship arrangements, within countries and within industries are also major factors affecting perceived attractiveness. The paper therefore argues that the heterogeneity of apprenticeship systems and arrangements is a major barrier to solving the attractiveness problem. Moreover, the heterogeneity of potential apprenticeship applicants means that marketing campaigns or other efforts to attract more, and higher quality, apprentices need to be cognisant of individuals’ backgrounds, characteristics, and aspirations. Some tentative ways of addressing these matters are presented, but the conclusion is that the topic needs large-scale research.

中文翻译：

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学徒制：吸引力的问题和异质性的障碍

本文研究了 2019 年国际培训与发展杂志上提出的一个问题：'我们如何解决像学徒这样的问题？涵盖大量国家的数据源用于介绍和分析已实施或已考虑的举措，然后开发一些分析结构以帮助解决问题。职业教育和培训的状况以及学徒职业的状况等基本问题很重要，但国家内部和行业内部学徒安排的性质也是影响感知吸引力的主要因素。因此，本文认为，学徒制度和安排的异质性是解决吸引力问题的主要障碍。此外，潜在学徒申请人的异质性意味着营销活动或其他吸引更多人的努力，为了提高质量，学徒需要了解个人的背景、特征和抱负。提出了解决这些问题的一些尝试性方法，但结论是该主题需要大规模研究。