Macanese, the near-extinct Portuguese creole of Macao, is an Asian Portuguese Creole language closely related to Malaccan Papia Kristang. In this paper, I argue that a distinctive feature of Macanese vis-à-vis other Asian Portuguese Creoles is its system of negation; specifically, its usage of the negators nunca and nádi. Negators deriving from Portuguese nunca ‘never’ and não há-de ‘shall not’ are attested in several Asian Portuguese Creoles: while their usage varies considerably, the former usually acts as the negator for realis predicates, whereas the latter typically negates irrealis predicates. In this paper I argue that, differently from other Asian Portuguese Creoles, Macanese nunca is also the only available negator for adjectival and nominal predicates, independently from tam features. Through a comparison with other Asian Portuguese creoles, and with the adstrates and substrates of Macanese, I also discuss the possible origin of these features.

中文翻译：

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比较视角下的澳门否定：类型学与生态学

土生葡语是澳门几近灭绝的葡萄牙语克里奥尔语，是一种亚洲葡萄牙语克里奥尔语，与马六甲帕皮亚克里斯坦语密切相关。在本文中，我认为澳门人的一个显着特征面对面其他亚洲葡萄牙克里奥尔语是其否定系统；具体来说，它对否定符的使用农卡和纳迪。源自葡萄牙语的否定词农卡“从不”和南哈德'shall not' 在几个亚洲葡萄牙语克里奥尔语中得到证实：虽然它们的用法差异很大，但前者通常用作 realis 谓词的否定词，而后者通常否定 irrealis 谓词。在本文中，我认为，与其他亚洲葡萄牙克里奥尔人不同，澳门人农卡也是形容词和名词谓词唯一可用的否定词，独立于谭特征。通过与其他亚洲葡萄牙语克里奥尔人的比较，以及与澳门人的特征和底物的比较，我还讨论了这些特征的可能起源。