Global ocean O₂ content has varied significantly across the eons, both shaping and being shaped by the evolutionary history of life on planet Earth. Indeed, past O₂ fluctuations have been associated with major extinctions and the reorganization of marine biota. Moreover, its most recent iteration—now anthropogenically driven—represents one of the most prominent challenges for both marine ecosystems and human societies, with ocean deoxygenation being regarded as one of the main drivers of global biodiversity loss. Yet ocean deoxygenation has received far less attention than concurrent environmental variables of marine climate change, namely, ocean warming and acidification, particularly in the field of experimental marine ecology. Together with the lack of consistent criteria defining gradual and acute changes in O₂ content, a general lack of multifactorial studies featuring all three drivers and their interactions prevents an adequate interpretation of the potential effects of extreme and gradual deoxygenation. We present a comprehensive overview of the interplay between O₂ and marine life across space and time and discuss the current knowledge gaps and future steps for deoxygenation research. This work may also contribute to the ongoing call for an integrative perspective on the combined effects of these three drivers of change for marine organisms and ecosystems worldwide.

中文翻译：

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低氧对海洋生物的影响：被忽视，但却是研究的重中之重

全球海洋 O ₂含量在千百年来发生了显着变化，既塑造了地球上生命的进化史，又被地球上的生命进化史所塑造。事实上，过去的 O ₂波动与海洋生物群的重大灭绝和重组有关。此外，它最近的迭代——现在由人为驱动——代表了海洋生态系统和人类社会最突出的挑战之一，海洋脱氧被认为是全球生物多样性丧失的主要驱动因素之一。然而，与同时发生的海洋气候变化环境变量（即海洋变暖和酸化）相比，海洋脱氧受到的关注要少得多，特别是在实验海洋生态学领域。再加上缺乏一致的标准来定义 O _{2的逐渐和急剧变化}内容，普遍缺乏以所有三个驱动因素及其相互作用为特征的多因素研究，妨碍了对极端和逐渐脱氧的潜在影响的充分解释。_{我们全面概述了 O 2}与海洋生物之间跨越时空的相互作用，并讨论了当前的知识差距和脱氧研究的未来步骤。这项工作也可能有助于持续呼吁以综合视角看待全球海洋生物和生态系统的这三个变化驱动因素的综合影响。