The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of short-term creatine supplementation on repeated sprint ability. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria of adopting double-blind randomized placebo-controlled designs in which participants (age: 18–60 years) completed a repeated sprint test (number of sprints: 4 < n ≤ 20; sprint duration: ≤10 s; recovery duration: ≤90 s) before and after supplementing with creatine or placebo for 3–7 days in a dose of ∼20 g/day. No exclusion restrictions were placed on the mode of exercise. Meta-analyses were completed using random-effects models, with effects on measures of peak power output, mean power output, and fatigue (performance decline) during each repeated sprint test presented as standardized mean difference (δ), and with effects on body mass and posttest blood lactate concentration presented as raw mean difference (D). Relative to placebo, creatine resulted in a significant increase in body mass (D = 0.79 kg; p < .00001) and mean power output (δ = 0.61; p = .002). However, there was no effect of creatine on measures of peak power (δ = 0.41; p = .10), fatigue (δ = 0.08; p = .61), or posttest blood lactate concentration (D = 0.22 L/min; p = .60). In conclusion, creatine supplementation may increase mean power output during repeated sprint tests, although the absence of corresponding effects on peak power and fatigue means that more research, with measurements of intramuscular creatine content, is necessary to confirm.

本研究的目的是对短期补充肌酸对重复冲刺能力的影响进行系统回顾和荟萃分析。十四项研究符合采用双盲随机安慰剂对照设计的纳入标准，其中参与者（年龄：18-60 岁）完成了重复冲刺测试（冲刺次数：4 <  n ≤ 20；冲刺时间：≤10 s；恢复持续时间：≤90 s) 前后补充肌酸或安慰剂 3-7 天，剂量为 ∼20 g/天。运动方式没有排除限制。使用随机效应模型完成荟萃分析，在每次重复冲刺测试期间对峰值功率输出、平均功率输出和疲劳（性能下降）测量的影响以标准化平均差 (δ) 表示，并对体重产生影响和后测血乳酸浓度以原始平均差 ( D ) 表示。相对于安慰剂，肌酸导致体重显着增加（D  = 0.79 kg；p  < .00001）和平均功率输出（δ = 0.61；p = .002)。然而，肌酸对峰值功率 (δ = 0.41; p  = .10)、疲劳 (δ = 0.08; p  = .61) 或测后血乳酸浓度 ( D  = 0.22 L/min; p  = .60)。总之，肌酸补充剂可能会增加重复冲刺测试期间的平均功率输出，尽管对峰值功率和疲劳没有相应的影响，这意味着需要更多的研究，通过测量肌内肌酸含量来确认。