Swearwords influence social evaluation of a speaker in a variety of ways depending on social context (Jay & Janschewitz (2008), The pragmatics of swearing. Journal of Politeness Research. Language, Behaviour, Culture, 4(2), 267–288). Little attention has been paid to the role of linguistic variation in social perceptions of swearing, however. This paper presents two experiments that test the role of sociolinguistic variation in the social evaluation of swearing. Experiment 1 is a variant categorization task, in which participants categorized acoustically ambiguous swearwords and phonetically matching neutral and nonwords as ending in either “-ing” or “-in.” Results suggest that swearwords led participants to hear “-ing” on ambiguous items. Experiment 2 is a matched-guise task in which listeners heard a passage featuring a mix of swearwords and neutral “-ing” words in one of four conditions: fully velar (All-ing), fully alveolar (All-in), only swearwords as velar (Swear-ing), or only neutral words as velar (Swear-in). Participants rated speakers on Likert scales (Schleef et al. (2017), Regional diversity in social perceptions of (ING). Language Variation and Change, 29(1), 29–56). Participants again displayed a tendency towards hearing “-ing” on swearwords. As a result, responses to the Swear-in guises were similar to those for the All-ing guises. The consequences for our understanding of swearing, sociolinguistic perception and cognition, and style, are discussed.

中文翻译：

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发誓（ING）不是玩（ING）：禁忌语言与社会语言变量的相互作用

根据社会背景，脏话会以多种方式影响说话者的社会评价（Jay & Janschewitz (2008), The pragmatics of swearing. Journal of Politeness Research. Language, Behaviour, Culture, 4(2), 267–288)。然而，很少有人关注语言变异在社会对咒骂的看法中的作用。本文介绍了两个实验，测试社会语言变异在咒骂的社会评价中的作用。实验 1 是一项变体分类任务，参与者将听觉上模棱两可的脏话和语音上匹配的中性词和非词分类为以“-ing”或“-in”结尾。结果表明，脏话会让参与者听到模棱两可的项目上的“-ing”。实验 2 是一个匹配的伪装任务，其中听众在以下四种情况之一中听到一段以脏话和中性“-ing”词混合为特色的段落：完全软腭 ( All-ing )、完全肺泡 ( All-in )、只有脏话作为软腭（发誓), 或者只有中性词如 velar ( Swear-in )。参与者根据李克特量表对演讲者进行评分（Schleef 等人 (2017)，Regional diversity in social perceptions of (ING). Language Variation and Change，29(1)，29–56）。参与者再次表现出在脏话中听到“-ing”的倾向。因此，对Swear-in伪装的反应与对All-ing伪装的反应相似。讨论了我们对咒骂、社会语言学感知和认知以及风格的理解的后果。