ABSTRACT: As aquaculture expands, ensuring the sustainability of practices requires a focus on minimising environmental effects. At the same time, where fish are cultured, their welfare needs to be secured to ensure compliance with legislation and gain social acceptance of farming practices. However, clear conflicts exist between protecting the environment and protecting welfare where either environmental or welfare outcomes are traded off against each other. We document 5 cases in aquaculture where environmental sustainability and welfare principles are antagonistic. If knowledge or management of environmental sustainability or welfare is weak in a specific setting, the best outcome may not be achieved. We contend that identifying conflicts between desired environmental and welfare outcomes as early as possible will allow for knowledge-based consideration of trade-offs using the best available evidence. Further, where different departments of regulators are responsible for different outcomes, targeted collaboration focused on identifying conflicts should reduce instances of unconscious trade-offs. Reducing conflicts between the 2 goals of good welfare and environmental protection should promote both ecologically and ethically sustainable aquaculture.

中文翻译：

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认识到水产养殖中福利和环境结果之间的权衡将有助于做出正确的决定

摘要：随着水产养殖的扩展，确保实践的可持续性需要关注尽量减少对环境的影响。同时，在养殖鱼类的地方，需要确保它们的福利，以确保遵守法律并获得社会对养殖实践的认可。然而，在保护环境和保护福利之间存在明显的冲突，环境或福利结果是相互权衡的。我们记录了 5 个环境可持续性和福利原则相互矛盾的水产养殖案例。如果在特定环境中对环境可持续性或福利的知识或管理薄弱，则可能无法获得最佳结果。我们认为，尽早确定期望的环境和福利结果之间的冲突将允许使用最佳可用证据进行基于知识的权衡考虑。此外，在监管机构的不同部门对不同结果负责的情况下，以识别冲突为重点的有针对性的合作应该会减少无意识权衡的情况。减少良好福利和环境保护这两个目标之间的冲突应促进生态和伦理上可持续的水产养殖。