This paper discusses two publications and two “pharaohs” (fictitious protagonists) in the historical and Egyptological context of a short story and a novel by Polish writer Aleksander Głowacki (a.k.a. Bolesław Prus). It looks at the observations of a writer fascinated by the dramas of powerful, extraordinary people and visions of a civilization that were firmly embedded in Poland and the whole of Europe at the end of the nineteenth century. The first discussed publication is a short story, A Legend of Old Egypt, on Ramzes (all names given in original spelling provided, either by the author in the case of the short story or the translator in the case of the novel) and his grandson, Horus – the first work in which Prus used “historical costume” to comment on the present and on the human condition. The plot of the masterpiece, Pharaoh, takes place in ancient Egypt and is a story of Ramses XIII’s life. The authors of this paper intend to explore the complexity of Prus’s protagonists against a historical and Egyptological background.

中文翻译：

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Bolesław Prus 的法老——人类状况的两种文学视野和我们对古埃及的迷恋

本文讨论了波兰作家亚历山大·格沃瓦茨基（又名波列斯瓦普鲁斯）的一部短篇小说和一部小说的历史和埃及学背景下的两篇出版物和两位“法老”（虚构的主角）。它着眼于一位作家的观察，他对 19 世纪末牢牢植根于波兰和整个欧洲的强大、非凡人物的戏剧和文明的愿景着迷。第一个讨论的出版物是一个短篇小说，古埃及传奇, 关于 Ramzes（所有姓名均以原始拼写形式提供，短篇小说由作者提供，小说由译者提供）和他的孙子荷鲁斯——普鲁斯使用“历史服装”的第一部作品评论当前和人类状况。杰作的情节，老王，发生在古埃及，是拉美西斯十三世一生的故事。本文的作者打算在历史和埃及学背景下探索普鲁士主人公的复杂性。