Good vision is important for safe driving. The impact of vision impairment associated with common eye diseases on driving performance, and the association between vision measures and driving performance, are discussed. Studies include those where participants drove a real vehicle on a closed road or on public roads. Closed-road studies include evaluation of both simulated and true vision impairment and day- and night-time driving. Collectively, the findings provide important insights into the impact of refractive conditions, cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and hemianopic field loss on driving; however, study results show varying impacts on driving performance and are often limited by small sample sizes. Vision measures including motion sensitivity, contrast sensitivity, and useful field of view have stronger associations with driving performance than do visual acuity or visual fields, with studies suggesting that some drivers with field loss can compensate for their field defects through increased eye and head movements.

中文翻译：

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视力障碍和道路驾驶

良好的视力对于安全驾驶非常重要。讨论了与常见眼病相关的视力障碍对驾驶表现的影响，以及视力测量与驾驶表现之间的关联。研究包括参与者在封闭道路或公共道路上驾驶真实车辆的研究。封闭道路研究包括对模拟和真实视力障碍以及白天和夜间驾驶的评估。总的来说，这些发现为了解屈光状况、白内障、青光眼、年龄相关性黄斑变性和偏视视野丧失对驾驶的影响提供了重要见解；然而，研究结果显示对驾驶性能的影响各不相同，并且通常受到样本量较小的限制。与视敏度或视野相比，包括运动敏感度、对比敏感度和有用视野在内的视力测量与驾驶表现的关联性更强，研究表明，一些视野丧失的驾驶员可以通过增加眼睛和头部运动来补偿视野缺陷。