Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based velocity estimation is one of the most cost-effective and widely used methods in determining velocity in geodesy and transport applications. Highly accurate and reliable velocity measurements can be obtained by exploiting the raw Doppler, carrier phase, and pseudorange measurements with a GNSS receiver. There are several approaches to GNSS-based velocity determination. This paper investigates the characteristics of the approaches which are currently popular and applicable to the observations of Global Positioning System (GPS), BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), and their combination (GPS/BDS). Specifically, it evaluates the performance of the velocity estimated based on the Raw Doppler method, the Time-Differenced Pseudorange method, the Time-Differenced Carrier Phase method, and the Double-Differenced Carrier Phase method, in both static and dynamic modes and in open and urban scenarios. The experiments show that BDS has the advantages in delivering accurate velocity determinations over GPS in the Asia–Pacific region, and the effectiveness of the GPS/BDS in improving the overall accuracy of velocity determination in complex urban scenarios.

中文翻译：

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评估基于 GNSS 的速度估计算法的性能

基于全球导航卫星系统 (GNSS) 的速度估计是在大地测量学和运输应用中确定速度的最具成本效益和广泛使用的方法之一。通过使用 GNSS 接收器利用原始多普勒、载波相位和伪距测量，可以获得高度准确和可靠的速度测量。有几种基于 GNSS 的速度确定方法。本文研究了目前流行并适用于全球定位系统（GPS）、北斗导航卫星系统（BDS）及其组合（GPS/BDS）观测的方法的特点。具体来说，它评估了基于原始多普勒方法、时差伪距方法、时差载波相位方法估计的速度的性能，和双差分载波相位方法，在静态和动态模式以及开放和城市场景中。实验表明，在亚太地区，北斗系统在提供准确测速方面优于GPS，以及GPS/北斗系统在提高复杂城市场景下测速总体精度方面的有效性。