New and disruptive technologies, including cryptocurrencies and new payment methods, are revolutionising the way people engage with finance. Although they provide significant benefits to consumers, they are also inadvertently creating new money laundering and terrorist financing risks. This paper examines the risks that are, or are predicted to be, prevalent in three technology sectors—distributed ledger technologies (including cryptocurrencies), new payment methods and financial technologies (FinTech), through a systematic scoping review process. Specifically, the paper identifies enablers of both crimes, the precise criminal methods they might facilitate, at-risk stakeholders (of exploitation and/or complicity) and risk characteristics. The study involves systematic scoping reviews of the academic and futures literatures as well as a consultation exercise with experts to assess the likely veracity of the findings. In addition to identifying an array of specific risks, we identify six underlying trends that facilitate them. We discuss these, their policy implications, future directions for research and their benefit for conducting risk assessments to assess forthcoming technological developments.

新的颠覆性技术，包括加密货币和新的支付方式，正在彻底改变人们参与金融的方式。尽管它们为消费者提供了显着的好处，但它们也在不经意间创造了新的洗钱和恐怖主义融资风险。本文通过系统的范围界定审查过程，研究了三个技术领域目前或预计将存在的风险——分布式账本技术（包括加密货币）、新支付方式和金融技术（FinTech）。具体而言，该文件确定了这两种犯罪的促成因素、它们可能促进的精确犯罪方法、风险利益相关者（剥削和/或同谋）和风险特征。该研究涉及对学术和未来文献的系统范围界定，以及与专家的咨询活动，以评估调查结果的可能真实性。除了确定一系列特定风险外，我们还确定了促进这些风险的六种潜在趋势。我们讨论了这些、它们的政策含义、未来的研究方向以及它们对进行风险评估以评估即将到来的技术发展的好处。