This paper presents a synthesis of current practices in regard to the seismic analysis, design, and retrofit of built-environments. Background information on the behavior of existing buildings subjected to earthquake loadings is gathered and rehabilitation methodologies are elaborated. The first part of the review examines design standards and guidelines that are used in the structural engineering community. These documents are mandatory for the legal adoption of a model code by the governing jurisdiction where the building in question is to be located. The second part discusses retrofit procedures alongside specific provisions dominating the requirements and techniques appertaining to ground motions. The third part handles case studies emphasizing an upgrade of school buildings that are non-conforming to contemporary specifications and guidelines. For substantiating the performance of proposed methodologies, laboratory tests are conducted in conjunction with finite element analysis, which form the technical foundation of site implementations.

中文翻译：

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建筑环境的地震分析、设计和改造：对当前实践和案例研究的程序审查

本文综合了当前在建筑环境的抗震分析、设计和改造方面的实践。收集了关于现有建筑物在地震载荷下的行为的背景信息，并详细说明了修复方法。审查的第一部分检查了结构工程界使用的设计标准和指南。这些文件对于相关建筑物所在的管辖管辖区合法采用示范法典是强制性的。第二部分讨论了改造程序以及主导与地面运动有关的要求和技术的具体规定。第三部分处理案例研究，强调不符合当代规范和指南的校舍升级。