The efficiency of in vitro anther culture (AC) method on six common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) F3-6 bulk combinations was investigated for the AC-induced androgenic traits, such as embryo-like structures (ELSs), regenerated plantlets, green plantlets, albinos, transplanted plantlets, and acclimatized plantlets. Moreover, genotype dependency was tracked among the tested combinations in the AC method. The results showed that all androgenic traits were produced in each tested combination and non-significant differences were found among combinations for all androgenic traits except albinos. The number of green plantlets ranged between 8.00 and 19.00 green plantlets/100 anthers based on the combination, with an overall mean of 14.37 green plantlets/100 anthers. The total number of acclimatized plantlets was 496 plantlets out of the 604 transplanted plantlets, with a rate of 82.12%. This investigation confirms the efficiency and utility of in vitro AC method in winter wheat to produce doubled haploid (DH) lines based on androgenesis for the breeding program and genetic studies. AC- induced DH lines produced subsequently from acclimatized plantlet individuals in the nursery will be inserted in breeding programs for wheat drought tolerance evaluation and in crossing programs for more improvement in green plants production in the nursery. Albinism and genotype dependency, limiting-factors for wheat AC-induced DH production, were mitigated by the application of some modifications of the wheat AC protocol. The modifications included a 2-week cold pre-treatment of donor tiller at 4C in constant dim light and the use of the W14 mf induction medium instead of P4 mf.

中文翻译：

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F3-6 冬小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.) 散装组合中雄激素植物生产的高效体外花药培养

研究了六种普通小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.) F3-6 散装组合的体外花药培养 (AC) 方法对 AC 诱导的雄激素性状的有效性，例如胚状结构 (ELS)、再生小植株、绿色苗、白化病、移植苗和驯化苗。此外，在 AC 方法中的测试组合中跟踪基因型依赖性。结果表明，在每个测试的组合中都产生了所有雄激素性状，并且发现除白化病之外的所有雄激素性状的组合之间没有显着差异。基于组合，绿色植物的数量在8.00到19.00绿色植物/100花药之间，总体平均值为14.37绿色植物/100花药。604株移栽苗中，驯化苗总数为496株，适应率为82.12%。这项调查证实了体外 AC 方法在冬小麦中产生基于雄激素生成的双单倍体 (DH) 系的效率和实用性，用于育种计划和遗传研究。随后从苗圃中驯化的植株个体产生的 AC 诱导的 DH 系将被插入用于小麦耐旱性评估的育种计划和杂交计划中，以进一步改善苗圃中的绿色植物生产。白化病和基因型依赖性，小麦 AC 诱导的 DH 产生的限制因素，通过小麦 AC 协议的一些修改得到缓解。