Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), prepared by the interaction forces such as forming covalent or non-covalent bonds by crosslinkers and initiators, are new types of specific recognition polymers with particular cavities. This is an ideal class of materials for wastewater treatment because of the particular holes left by the elution process. This review discusses the development process, classification, synthesis principles, systems, and polymerization methods of MIPs. At the same time, the adsorption mechanism of Copper (Cu), Mercury (Hg), Chromium (Cr), Silver (Ag), and Lead (Pb) in the MIPs technique are studied. Finally, some suggestions and prospects for the future development of MIPs are also put forward.

分子印迹聚合物(MIPs)是通过交联剂和引发剂形成共价或非共价键等相互作用力制备的具有特定空腔的新型特异性识别聚合物。由于洗脱过程留下的特殊孔洞，这是一种理想的废水处理材料。这篇综述讨论了MIPs的开发过程、分类、合成原理、系统和聚合方法。同时研究了MIPs技术中铜(Cu)、汞(Hg)、铬(Cr)、银(Ag)和铅(Pb)的吸附机理。最后，还对MIPs的未来发展提出了一些建议和展望。