ABSTRACT

This article explores the translocality of 1960s Ghana. It brings into conversation the connectivities crafted by official state diplomacies conducted by Kwame Nkrumah’s government in the name of Pan-Africanism and the activisms, organizational work, and movements of Pan-African, diaspora, and white European women within and beyond Ghana, against the backdrop of a racialized global Cold War order. Focusing on the messiness and tensions of these connections I bring into conversation seemingly separate agential topics. Whether it is through state visits with Eric Williams, the tensions of minister exchange programmes with Guinea, or of diaspora conferences and organizing by African and Afro-American women, and the racialized and gendered dynamics of Nkrumaism, each is entangled and co-constituted with the wider ideational and material reality of the relational living postcolonial project. The variety of experiences, dramas, disputes, and possibilities, speak to how Ghana’s connections with the world were interpreted and used to advance visions of civil rights and Pan-Africanism, while also operating within, against, and beyond the state. The relational project of Nkrumaism demonstrates how translocal power can be crafted to change the nature of translocal entanglements, not erase them, but make them more equitable, while simultaneously reproducing underlying tensions.

摘要

本文探讨了 1960 年代加纳的跨地域性。它将夸梅·恩克鲁玛 (Kwame Nkrumah) 政府以泛非主义的名义进行的官方国家外交精心打造的联系与泛非、侨民和加纳境内外的欧洲白人妇女的激进主义、组织工作和运动进行了对话，反对种族化的全球冷战秩序的背景。着眼于这些联系的混乱和紧张，我将看似独立的代理主题带入对话。无论是通过埃里克威廉姆斯的国事访问，与几内亚的部长交流计划的紧张局势，还是非洲和非裔美国妇女的侨民会议和组织，以及恩克鲁迈主义的种族化和性别化动态，每一个都与关系生活后殖民项目的更广泛的观念和物质现实纠缠在一起并共同构成。各种各样的经历、戏剧、争端和可能性，说明了加纳与世界的联系如何被解释和用于推进民权和泛非主义的愿景，同时也在国家内部、反对国家和国家之外运作。恩克鲁迈主义的关系项目展示了如何打造跨地方权力来改变跨地方纠缠的性质，而不是消除它们，而是使它们更加公平，同时再现潜在的紧张局势。同时还在国​​家内部、反对国家和国家之外开展活动。恩克鲁迈主义的关系项目展示了如何打造跨地方权力来改变跨地方纠缠的性质，而不是消除它们，而是使它们更加公平，同时再现潜在的紧张局势。同时还在国​​家内部、反对国家和国家之外开展活动。恩克鲁迈主义的关系项目展示了如何打造跨地方权力来改变跨地方纠缠的性质，而不是消除它们，而是使它们更加公平，同时再现潜在的紧张局势。