Maritime trade routes in Southeast Asia date to at least the last millennium BC evidenced by excavations of port-cities, entrepôts and early coastal polities in Peninsular Thailand, the Mekong Delta and Island Southeast Asia. This trade network intensified over the next millennium and by the fifteenth century, the number of trade goods throughout Medieval Southeast Asia was prolific. The bulk of studied material comprises trade ceramics, particularly in archaeological investigations of shipwreck cargoes which provide information on regional trading patterns. Although ceramic assemblages constitute the bulk of shipwreck cargo, other types of material have also been found, including the spice star anise. In this paper, we focus on the organic contents from two jars found in the Bakau shipwreck dating to the early fifteenth century AD. The finds are significant as this spice (star anise, Illicium verum) is being transported together with items of high value for trade.

中文翻译：

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来自 15 世纪印度尼西亚海难的八角茴香

东南亚的海上贸易路线至少可以追溯到公元前最后一个千年，泰国半岛、湄公河三角洲和东南亚岛屿的港口城市、转口港和早期沿海政体的发掘证明了这一点。这个贸易网络在接下来的一千年里得到了加强，到了十五世纪，整个中世纪东南亚的贸易商品数量非常多。大部分研究材料包括贸易陶瓷，特别是在提供有关区域贸易模式信息的沉船货物的考古调查中。虽然陶瓷组合构成了沉船货物的大部分，但也发现了其他类型的材料，包括香料八角。在本文中，我们重点关注在公元 15 世纪早期的 Bakau 沉船中发现的两个罐子中的有机物。八角茴香（ Illicium v​​erum）与具有高贸易价值的物品一起运输。