Drug resistance, according to World Health Organization, is one of the most serious threats to public health. This makes antibiotics ineffective and reduces their therapeutic potential. One of the most prevalent multidrug-resistant bacteria is Staphylococcus aureus which is considered to be the most common pathogen and mortality factor in both hospital and nonhospital environments worldwide. Due to an unprecedented increase in reports of drug resistance in pathogens, and also due to adverse and severe side effects of drugs, there is an urgent need to redirect scientific efforts towards search for antioxidative natural substances and other alternative sources having therapeutic potential against microbes. Natural products such as propolis seem to exhibit most promising therapeutic potential against microorganisms. Thus, present study is focused on antioxidative potential of propolis in combination with standard antibiotics ampicillin and amoxicillin against S. aureus infected BALB/c mice. For this, mice were divided into seven groups, they were decapitated after suitable experimental periods, then their liver, kidney and spleen were excised from control and experimental groups, which were homogenized and then used for different biochemical estimations following the standard protocols. Results showed that S. aureus caused severe biochemical alterations by 5th day of infection that is, lipid peroxidation increased significantly (P <0.05), reduced glutathione level and activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GST) decreased significantly (P <0.05) in liver, kidney and spleen of S. aureus infected mice. Ethanolic extract of propolis at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight of mice when used alone to treat S. aureus infection gave significantly good results by 15th day of treatment. Better results were observed when propolis was used along with antibiotics. The levels of antioxidant molecules and enzymes along with liver and kidney function enzymes were restored to near normal after 15 days of treatment. So it can be concluded that propolis along with antibiotics acts as a potent free radical scavenger and can be used as a potential therapeutic agent against staphylococcal infection.

中文翻译：

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蜂胶对金黄色葡萄球菌感染的 BALB/c 小鼠的抗氧化作用：一项生化研究

根据世界卫生组织的说法，耐药性是对公共卫生的最严重威胁之一。这使抗生素无效并降低了它们的治疗潜力。最普遍的多重耐药细菌之一是金黄色葡萄球菌，它被认为是全球医院和非医院环境中最常见的病原体和死亡率因素。由于病原体耐药性报告的空前增加，以及药物的不良和严重副作用，迫切需要将科学努力重新转向寻找具有治疗微生物潜力的抗氧化天然物质和其他替代来源。蜂胶等天然产品似乎对微生物表现出最有希望的治疗潜力。因此，本研究的重点是蜂胶与标准抗生素氨苄青霉素和阿莫西林联合对金黄色葡萄球菌感染的 BALB/c 小鼠的抗氧化潜力。为此，将小鼠分成七组，在适当的实验期后将它们断头，然后从对照组和实验组中切除它们的肝脏、肾脏和脾脏，将它们均质化，然后按照标准方案用于不同的生化评估。结果表明，金黄色葡萄球菌在感染第5天引起严重的生化变化，即脂质过氧化显着增加（P <0.05），谷胱甘肽水平降低，抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT、GPx、GR、GST）活性显着降低（ P <0.05) 在金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠的肝脏、肾脏和脾脏中。当单独用于治疗金黄色葡萄球菌感染时，蜂胶乙醇提取物以 250 mg/kg 小鼠体重的剂量在治疗的第 15 天产生了显着的良好效果。当蜂胶与抗生素一起使用时，观察到了更好的结果。治疗 15 天后，抗氧化分子和酶以及肝肾功能酶的水平恢复到接近正常水平。因此可以得出结论，蜂胶与抗生素一起作为一种有效的自由基清除剂，可用作抗葡萄球菌感染的潜在治疗剂。治疗 15 天后，抗氧化分子和酶以及肝肾功能酶的水平恢复到接近正常水平。因此可以得出结论，蜂胶与抗生素一起作为一种有效的自由基清除剂，可用作抗葡萄球菌感染的潜在治疗剂。治疗 15 天后，抗氧化分子和酶以及肝肾功能酶的水平恢复到接近正常水平。因此可以得出结论，蜂胶与抗生素一起作为一种有效的自由基清除剂，可用作抗葡萄球菌感染的潜在治疗剂。