Climate change is a major threat to agricultural production and undermines the efforts to achieve sustainable development goals in poor countries such as Ethiopia that have climate-sensitive economies. The objective of this study was to assess characterization of local climate and its impact on productivity faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties (Gora and Tumsa) productivity in Welmera watershed area, central Ethiopia. Historical climate (1988–2017) and eight years of crop yield data were obtained from National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia and Holeta Agricultural Research Center. Trend, variability, correlation, and regression analyses were carried out to characterize the climate of the area and establish association between faba bean productivity and climate change. The area received mean annual rainfall of 970 mm with SD of 145.6 and coefficient of variation (CV %) of 15%. The earliest and latest onset of rainfall were April 1 (92 DOY) and July 5 (187 DOY), whereas, the end date of rainy season was on September 2 (246 DOY) and October 31 (305 DOY), respectively. The average length of the growing period was 119 days, with a CV% of 35.2%. The probability of dry spell less than 7 days was high (>80%) until the last decade of May (151 DOY); however, the probability sharply declined and reached 0% on the first decade of July (192 DOY). Kiremt (long rainy season that occurs from June to September) and belg (short rainy season that falls from February to April/May) rainfall had increasing trends at a rate of 4.7 mm and 2.32 mm/year, respectively. The annual maximum temperature showed increasing trend at a rate of 0.06°C per year and by a factor of 0.34°C, which is not statistically significant. The year 2014 was exceptionally drought year while 1988 was wettest year. Kiremt (JJAS) start of rain and rainy day had strong correlation and negative impact on Gora yield with (r = −0.407 and −0.369), respectively. The findings suggests large variation in rainfall and temperature in the study area which constraints faba bean production. Investment on agricultural sector to enhance farmer’s adaptation capacity is essential to reduce the adverse impacts of climate change and variability on faba bean yield. More research that combines household panel data with long-term climate data is necessary to better understand climate and its impact on faba bean yield.

中文翻译：

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埃塞俄比亚中部当地气候特征及其对蚕豆（Vicia faba L.）产量的影响

气候变化是对农业生产的主要威胁，破坏了埃塞俄比亚等对气候敏感的经济体实现可持续发展目标的努力。本研究的目的是评估当地气候的特征及其对生产力蚕豆 ( Vicia fabaL.) 埃塞俄比亚中部 Welmera 流域地区的品种（Gora 和 Tumsa）生产力。历史气候（1988-2017）和八年作物产量数据来自埃塞俄比亚国家气象局和霍莱塔农业研究中心。进行了趋势、变异性、相关性和回归分析，以表征该地区的气候，并建立蚕豆生产力与气候变化之间的关联。该地区年平均降雨量为 970 毫米，标准差为 145.6，变异系数 (CV %) 为 15%。最早和最晚开始降雨的是 4 月 1 日（92 DOY）和 7 月 5 日（187 DOY），而雨季结束日期分别是 9 月 2 日（246 DOY）和 10 月 31 日（305 DOY）。生长期平均119天，CV%为35.2%。直到 5 月的最后十年（151 DOY）之前，少于 7 天的旱季概率很高（>80%）；然而，该概率急剧下降并在 7 月的第一个十年（192 DOY）达到 0%。Kiremt（从 6 月到 9 月发生的长雨季）和 belg（从 2 月到 4 月/5 月的短雨季）降雨量分别以 4.7 毫米和 2.32 毫米/年的速度增加趋势。年最高气温呈逐年上升0.06°C的趋势，上升0.34°C的倍数，无统计学意义。2014 年是异常干旱的一年，而 1988 年是最潮湿的一年。Kiremt（从 6 月到 9 月发生的长雨季）和 belg（从 2 月到 4 月/5 月的短雨季）降雨量分别以 4.7 毫米和 2.32 毫米/年的速度增加趋势。年最高气温呈逐年上升0.06°C的趋势，上升0.34°C的倍数，无统计学意义。2014 年是异常干旱的一年，而 1988 年是最潮湿的一年。Kiremt（从 6 月到 9 月发生的长雨季）和 belg（从 2 月到 4 月/5 月的短雨季）降雨量分别以 4.7 毫米和 2.32 毫米/年的速度增加趋势。年最高气温呈逐年上升0.06°C的趋势，上升0.34°C的倍数，无统计学意义。2014 年是异常干旱的一年，而 1988 年是最潮湿的一年。Kiremt (JJAS) 开始下雨和下雨天对 Gora 产量有很强的相关性和负面影响，分别为 ( r  = -0.407 和 -0.369)。研究结果表明，研究区域的降雨量和温度变化很大，这限制了蚕豆的生产。对农业部门进行投资以提高农民的适应能力对于减少气候变化和可变性对蚕豆产量的不利影响至关重要。有必要进行更多将家庭面板数据与长期气候数据相结合的研究，以更好地了解气候及其对蚕豆产量的影响。