The ‘victor in defeat’ (Donald Daviau) has long been a key concept in Stefan Zweig scholarship. This reversal of the traditional hero narrative has been applied to understand how Zweig constructs his historical biographies, drawing on both his understanding of history and his convictions about the moral responsibilities of the writer. It has also been used to demonstrate how Zweig values defeat as a means for moral development in his novellas and dramas. This essay argues that Zweig’s poetics of defeat can be equally applied to his autobiography. Through their shared values of humanism, supranationalism and pacifism, the individuals remembered by Zweig form a heroic collective in their seemingly impossible fight against nationalism and fascism. The World of Yesterday thus needs to be read as a cornerstone of Zweig’s Historiography of Tomorrow, a new way of writing history, which the author proposes in the last years of his life.

“失败的胜利者”（Donald Daviau）长期以来一直是 Stefan Zweig 学术研究的一个关键概念。这种对传统英雄叙事的逆转已被用于理解茨威格如何构建他的历史传记，既借鉴了他对历史的理解，也借鉴了他对作家道德责任的信念。它也被用来证明茨威格在他的中篇小说和戏剧中如何将失败视为道德发展的一种手段。本文认为，茨威格的失败诗学同样适用于他的自传。通过他们共同的人文主义、超民族主义和和平主义价值观，茨威格记忆中的个人在他们看似不可能的对抗民族主义和法西斯主义的斗争中形成了一个英雄集体。昨天的世界因此需要被解读为茨威格的《明日史学》的基石，这是作者在他生命的最后几年提出的一种新的历史书写方式。