Since the 1990s, Indonesia has been confronted with the growing influence of a radical Islamist movement that challenges the state doctrine (Pancasila), which was adopted in 1945, and demands a greater place for Islam, which is the religion of nearly 90 per cent of the population. The hardline groups wish to call into question the Indonesian state’s pluralistic and inclusive religious identity, which they see as a conspiracy hatched by the Christian minority to deprive the Muslim majority of its ostensible rights. The Society of Jesus, which has been present in Java since the nineteenth century, is considered by Islamist critics as the main architect of this alleged plot. Furthermore, one of its members, Father Josephus Beek, is presented by Islamist radicals as one of the founders of the New Order (1966–1998), the regime led by General Suharto which was very hostile to political Islam in its early days. This article analyses how the Society of Jesus was able to integrate Catholicism into the Javanese spiritual landscape and explores the subsequent roles played by Jesuit leaders in the genesis and defence of Pancasila. It also sheds light on how Josephus Beek’s very real manoeuvres have provided fodder for militant Islamist circles seeking to delegitimate Indonesia’s secular status quo.

自 1990 年代以来，印度尼西亚一直面临着激进的伊斯兰运动的影响力日益增长，该运动挑战 1945 年通过的国家教义 (Pancasila)，并要求为伊斯兰教争取更大的地位，伊斯兰教是近 90% 的人的宗教信仰人口。强硬派团体希望质疑印度尼西亚国家的多元化和包容性宗教身份，他们认为这是少数基督教徒策划的一个阴谋，目的是剥夺穆斯林占多数的表面上的权利。自 19 世纪以来一直存在于爪哇的耶稣会被伊斯兰批评家认为是这一所谓阴谋的主要策划者。此外，其成员之一约瑟夫斯·比克神父被伊斯兰激进分子称为新秩序（1966-1998）的创始人之一，苏哈托将军领导的政权在早期对政治伊斯兰教非常敌视。本文分析了耶稣会如何将天主教融入爪哇的精神景观，并探讨了耶稣会领袖随后在潘查西拉的起源和捍卫中所扮演的角色。它还揭示了 Josephus Beek 非常真实的策略是如何为试图使印度尼西亚的世俗现状合法化的激进伊斯兰教圈子提供素材的。