We examine mothers' relative labour market outcomes around the first childbirth in South Korea, a country with the highest gender pay gaps and the lowest fertility rate among the OECD countries. Using an event study approach, we find that while fathers remain unaffected, mothers' earnings drop sharply by 66.2 per cent over the long run, mostly driven by a reduction in labour force participation. For women who continue to work, motherhood lowers the probability of entering male-dominated occupations and industries but increases the probability of working in female-dominated occupations and industries. Finally, we find that motherhood has a stronger negative effect on labour market outcomes for less-educated mothers, young mothers, mothers who first bear children within two years of marriage, and mothers with three or more children.

中文翻译：

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母性对劳动力市场结果的影响：来自韩国的证据

我们研究了韩国母亲在第一次生育前后的相对劳动力市场结果，韩国是经合组织国家中性别薪酬差距最大和生育率最低的国家。使用事件研究方法，我们发现虽然父亲不受影响，但从长远来看，母亲的收入大幅下降了 66.2%，主要是由于劳动力参与率下降。对于继续工作的女性来说，做母亲降低了进入男性主导的职业和行业的可能性，但增加了从事女性主导的职业和行业的可能性。最后，我们发现，对于受教育程度较低的母亲、年轻母亲、婚后两年内第一次生育孩子的母亲以及有三个或三个以上孩子的母亲来说，母亲身份对劳动力市场结果的负面影响更大。