Does partisan ideology influence whether Europeans are willing to use nuclear weapons, and if so, how? The US nuclear weapons stationed in Europe have been at the core of European security since the Cold War, but we have still yet to learn what would make Europeans be willing to support their use. In this paper, we present the results of a survey, in which we asked citizens in Germany and the Netherlands about their views on the use of the US nuclear weapons stationed on their territory in four distinct scenarios. Our results indicate that voters of right-wing parties are more likely to approve of the use of nuclear weapons in both countries. There are, however, important differences between the two countries in terms of the degree to which the participants oppose the use of nuclear weapons. These results have implications for NATO's nuclear deterrence posture.

中文翻译：

---

意识形态和红色按钮：意识形态如何塑造欧洲核武器的使用偏好

党派意识形态是否会影响欧洲人是否愿意使用核武器，如果愿意，如何影响？自冷战以来，美国驻扎在欧洲的核武器一直是欧洲安全的核心，但我们仍然不知道是什么让欧洲人愿意支持它们的使用。在本文中，我们展示了一项调查的结果，其中我们询问了德国和荷兰的公民，他们对在四种不同情况下使用驻扎在其领土上的美国核武器的看法。我们的结果表明，右翼政党的选民更有可能赞成两国使用核武器。然而，就参与者反对使用核武器的程度而言，两国之间存在重大差异。这些结果对北约有影响