Silviculture and land-use change has reduced the amount of natural forest worldwide and left what remains confined to isolated fragments or stands. To understand processes governing species occurrence in such stands, much attention has been given to stand-level factors such as size, structure, and deadwood amount. However, the surrounding matrix will directly impact species dispersal and persistence, and the link between the surrounding landscape configuration, composition and history, and stand-level species occurrence has received insufficient attention. Thus, to facilitate optimisation of forest management and species conservation, we propose a review addressing ‘To what extent does surrounding landscape explain stand-level occurrence of conservation-relevant species in fragmented boreal and hemi-boreal forest?’. The proposed systematic review will identify and synthesise relevant articles following the CEE guidelines for evidence synthesis and the ROSES standards. A search for peer-reviewed and grey literature will be conducted using four databases, two online search engines, and 36 specialist websites. Identified articles will be screened for eligibility in a two-step process; first on title and abstract, and second on the full text. Screening will be based on predefined eligibility criteria related to a PECO-model; population being boreal and hemi-boreal forest, exposure being fragmentation, comparator being landscapes with alternative composition, configuration, or history, and outcome being occurrence (i.e., presence and/or abundance) of conservation-relevant species. All articles that pass the full-text screening will go through study validity assessment and data extraction, and be part of a narrative review. If enough studies prove comparable, quantitative meta-analyses will also be performed. The objective of the narrative review and the meta-analyses will be to address the primary question as well as six secondary questions, and to identify important knowledge gaps.

中文翻译：

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周边景观在多大程度上解释了在破碎的北方和半北方森林中与保护相关物种的林分水平出现？ - 系统审查协议

造林和土地利用的变化已经减少了全球天然林的数量，只剩下孤立的碎片或林分。为了了解在这些林分中控制物种发生的过程，人们对林分水平因素给予了很多关注，例如大小、结构和枯木数量。然而，周围的基质会直接影响物种的扩散和持久性，而周围景观配置、组成和历史与林分物种发生之间的联系却没有得到足够的重视。因此，为了促进森林管理和物种保护的优化，我们提出了一项综述，旨在解决“周边景观在多大程度上解释了支离破碎的北方和半北方森林中与保护相关物种的林分水平出现？”。拟议的系统评价将按照 CEE 证据综合指南和 ROSES 标准识别和综合相关文章。将使用四个数据库、两个在线搜索引擎和 36 个专业网站搜索同行评审和灰色文献。已识别的文章将分两步进行资格审查；首先是标题和摘要，其次是全文。筛选将基于与 PECO 模型相关的预定义资格标准；种群是北方和半北方森林，暴露是破碎的，比较是具有不同组成、配置或历史的景观，结果是与保护相关的物种的出现（即存在和/或丰度）。所有通过全文筛选的文章都将经过研究有效性评估和数据提取，并成为叙述性评论的一部分。如果足够的研究证明具有可比性，还将进行定量荟萃分析。叙述性回顾和荟萃分析的目的是解决主要问题以及六个次要问题，并确定重要的知识差距。